The Biology of Desire Summary & 3 Key Takeaways
1. Addiction is not a diseaseAs the subtitle suggests, this is the premise of the entire book. This isn’t a new perspective by any means, as the argument as to whether or not addiction is a disease can be traced back to the time of Aristotle.Marc suggests addiction is viewed as a disease for two primary reasons: It really does change the brain, and people really do lose control over their behavior. But if these are the two primary drivers, then what about behavioral disorders? When people aren’t addicted to substances but instead to things like porn, sex, gambling, or video gaming. Why aren’t these considered diseases, too?Not surprisingly, these disorders show brain activation patterns nearly identical to those shown in substance addiction.To further Marc’s point, the same kind of brain changes seen in substance addiction also show up when people become absorbed in a sport, join a political movement, or fall in love.If addiction is a disease, then apparently so is love!Marc believes the disease model has outlived its usefulness. In fact, he argues for most addicts the disease model probably does more harm than good.2. Brain change is a consequence of learningMarc does an elegant job of reframing brain change as a consequence of learning rather than a consequence of addiction. In fact, brains are supposed to change. If the brain isn’t changing, the brain isn’t learning.This is known as neuroplasticity, and it’s the result of a normal brain, doing exactly what it was designed to do.Marc argues that even the more extreme cases of brain change don’t necessarily imply something’s wrong with the brain. However, it may imply a person has not been using his or her brain to its best advantage.With long-term addiction, some regions of the brain may actually lose a fair amount of synapses – this is known as “pruning” – and it shows up on brain scans as a loss of gray matter volume.What’s fascinating is that studies have shown this reduction in gray matter volume to have reversed over just several months of abstinence, returned to normal baseline levels within six months to a year of abstinence, and then – miraculously - increased beyond the baseline level becoming more elaborate, more sophisticated, more flexible and more resilient than those who have never taken drugs.Marc suggests neuroplasticity includes the development of addiction, but it’s also the springboard to recovery.3. Quitting is a continuation of developmentInstead of viewing quitting as recovery, getting past one’s addiction should be viewed as more of a developmental process. In fact, it’s a continuation of the same development process that brought about the addiction in the first place. Through this process, many addicts get to a point where addiction no longer means relief; abstinence does. And in the same way that addiction was learned over time, abstinence itself becomes a pattern, a habit of its own.When this occurs, that burning desire which was once focused on a disempowering, short-term fix gets rerouted; it’s now in a league with more empowering goals like freedom, self-preservation, self-control, happiness, and peace of mind.See, every human being needs to see their own lives progressing, as going somewhere, moving forward from a meaningful past to a compelling future. Marc suggests addicts begin to outgrow their addictions when they’re able to reflect on their lives, connect their past to their current conundrum, and imagine a bigger, better, brighter future.Buy Now on Amazon | Listen on Audible w/Free Trial*As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.