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Denmark Vesey, a carpenter and formerly enslaved person, allegedly planned an enslaved insurrection to coincide with Bastille Day in Charleston, South Carolina in 1822. Vesey modeled his rebellion after the successful 1791 slave revolution in Haiti. His plans called for his followers to execute the white enslavers, liberate the city of Charleston, and then sail to Haiti before the white power structure could retaliate. Vesey and several of his co-conspirators worshiped at the African Church, the AME congregation which became Mother Emanuel after the Civil War. Along with white abolitionists in the North, Vesey referenced the Bible in his attacks on the institution of slavery. In the aftermath of the execution, white Charlestonians tore down the church and supported new efforts to control the black majority. Funds were appropriated to support a Municipal Guard of 150 men and the construction of "a Citadel" to house them and weapons. In 1843, the structure became home to the cadets of the South Carolina Military Academy. Additionally, as Vesey's rebellion relied on assistance from free black sailors, South Carolina passed legislation known as the Negro Seamen Acts. The act called for the incarceration of visiting free black sailors in local jails while their vessel remained in Charleston to eliminate contact between free black sailors from outside of South Carolina and black Charlestonians. Despite protests from northern states and British consuls, South Carolina stubbornly insisted on its right to police its population in this way. Denmark Vesey was later held up as a hero among abolitionists, including Frederick Douglass, during the Civil War. Douglass used Vesey's name as a rallying cry in recruiting and inspiring African American troops, including the 54th Massachusetts Infantry. Vesey's son, Robert, attended the April 14, 1865 ceremony at Fort Sumter. Today, however, his name remains largely unknown despite his foundational role in accelerating further slave rebellions and ultimately the civil war itself. We discuss why this is the case and what lessons can be learned from this story.   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list. For the supplemental reader that goes along with the podcast, visit: https://poorprolesalmanac.substack.com   Sources: Jeremy Schipper “Denmark Vesey’s Bible” https://userpages.umbc.edu/~bouton/History407/SlaveStats.htm https://www.ccpl.org/charleston-time-machine/defining-charlestons-free-people-color

Erna Bennett was a plant geneticist and one of the early pioneers of genetic conservation (biodiversity conservation). She was one of the first to raise the issue of biodiversity loss at the United Nations, and challenged the narrative of the Green Revolution being the solution to food security on a global scale.   Not only was she an advocate for local diversity, she was a pilot in World War 2, defected to join the antifascists in Greece, and spent her retirement trying to align Marxist values with ecologically-centered communism.   Happy pride month!   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list. For the supplemental reader that goes along with the podcast, visit: https://poorprolesalmanac.substack.com/p/erna-bennett   To listen to Erna in her own words: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvPtCF4i-UZl8qEepMmXuVgHs9gGVK-VK   Sources: 1 http://www.geneconserve.pro.br/site/pags/biography3.php?id=17 2 Borschmann, G. (1994, November 21). Erna Bennett interviewed by Gregg Borschmann in the Environmental awareness in Australia oral history project. The Australia Oral History Project. other. Retrieved February 22, 2023, from https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/513784. 3 https://www.smh.com.au/national/pioneer-of-plant-genetics-20120325-1vsom.html 4 Jackson PM (2012) Erna Bennett obituary. The Guardian, 8 February 2012. http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2012/ feb/08/erna-bennett-obituary 5 Hanelt, P., Knüpffer, H., & Hammer, K. (2012). Erna Bennett (5 August 1925–3 January 2012). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 59(6), 967–970. doi:10.1007/s10722-012-9872-0 6 Bennett E (1964b) Historical perspectives in genecology. In: Record of the Scottish Plant Breeding Station, Pentlandfield, Roslin, Midlothian, pp 49–115 7 Frankel OH, Agble W, Harlan JB, Bennett E (1969) Genetic dangers in the green revolution. Ceres, FAO. 2(5): 35–37 [reprinted 1970 as: The Green Revolution, Genetic Backlash. Ecologist 1(4):20–22]. 8 Pistorius R (1997) Scientists, plants and politics—a history of the plant genetic resources movement. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome 9 https://grahamstevenson.me.uk/2011/08/25/bennett-erna/ 10 Curry, H. A. (2022). Endangered maize: Industrial agriculture and the crisis of extinction. University of California Press. 11 Bennett E (1970) Genecology, genetic resources and plant breeding. Genet Agrar 24(3):210–220 12 Bennett E (1971) The origin and importance of agroecotypes in South West Asia. In: Davis PH, Harper PC, Hedge IC (eds) Plant life in South West Asia. Edinburgh Botanical Society, Edinburgh, pp 219–234 13 https://grain.org/e/289

Erna Bennett was a plant geneticist and one of the early pioneers of genetic conservation (biodiversity conservation). She was one of the first to raise the issue of biodiversity loss at the United Nations, and challenged the narrative of the Green Revolution being the solution to food security on a global scale.    Not only was she an advocate for local diversity, she was a pilot in World War 2, defected to join the antifascists in Greece, and spent her retirement trying to align Marxist values with ecologically-centered communism.    Happy pride month!   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list. For the supplemental reader that goes along with the podcast, visit: https://poorprolesalmanac.substack.com/p/erna-bennett   To listen to Erna in her own words: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvPtCF4i-UZl8qEepMmXuVgHs9gGVK-VK   Sources: 1 http://www.geneconserve.pro.br/site/pags/biography3.php?id=17 2 Borschmann, G. (1994, November 21). Erna Bennett interviewed by Gregg Borschmann in the Environmental awareness in Australia oral history project. The Australia Oral History Project. other. Retrieved February 22, 2023, from https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/513784. 3 https://www.smh.com.au/national/pioneer-of-plant-genetics-20120325-1vsom.html 4 Jackson PM (2012) Erna Bennett obituary. The Guardian, 8 February 2012. http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2012/ feb/08/erna-bennett-obituary 5 Hanelt, P., Knüpffer, H., & Hammer, K. (2012). Erna Bennett (5 August 1925–3 January 2012). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 59(6), 967–970. doi:10.1007/s10722-012-9872-0  6 Bennett E (1964b) Historical perspectives in genecology. In: Record of the Scottish Plant Breeding Station, Pentlandfield, Roslin, Midlothian, pp 49–115 7 Frankel OH, Agble W, Harlan JB, Bennett E (1969) Genetic dangers in the green revolution. Ceres, FAO. 2(5): 35–37 [reprinted 1970 as: The Green Revolution, Genetic Backlash. Ecologist 1(4):20–22]. 8 Pistorius R (1997) Scientists, plants and politics—a history of the plant genetic resources movement. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome 9 https://grahamstevenson.me.uk/2011/08/25/bennett-erna/ 10 Curry, H. A. (2022). Endangered maize: Industrial agriculture and the crisis of extinction. University of California Press. 11 Bennett E (1970) Genecology, genetic resources and plant breeding. Genet Agrar 24(3):210–220 12 Bennett E (1971) The origin and importance of agroecotypes in South West Asia. In: Davis PH, Harper PC, Hedge IC (eds) Plant life in South West Asia. Edinburgh Botanical Society, Edinburgh, pp 219–234 13 https://grain.org/e/289  

Efraím Hernández is a name that has been ignored by historians, despite the crucial role he played in numerous facets of botany. World renowned in the 50s and 60s, he challenged the Green Revolution's fundamental principled, defended the campesino farmers in Mexico, brokered a deal  to end a national student strike, and was an integral part of the team which was responsible for documenting and classifying the largest collection of maize genetics in the world.    Fiercely principled, he challenged and was responsible for changing the way botany was taught in Mexico, and despite all of this work (and more!), there is little written about him in English. In this 3-part series, we talk about his story, the context of his work, and why his story is so important to bring to light.   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list. For the supplemental reader that goes along with the podcast, visit: https://poorprolesalmanac.substack.com/p/efraim-hernandez-part-1   Sources:   1 http://manoa.hawaii.edu/ctahr/termite/aboutcontact/grace/pdfs/028.pdf 2 http://www.avocadosource.com/CAS_Yearbooks/CAS_45_1961/cas_1961_pg_17.pdf 3 http://www.ibiologia.unam.mx/jardin/gela/page4.html

Efraím Hernández is a name that has been ignored by historians, despite the crucial role he played in numerous facets of botany. World renowned in the 50s and 60s, he challenged the Green Revolution's fundamental principled, defended the campesino farmers in Mexico, brokered a deal  to end a national student strike, and was an integral part of the team which was responsible for documenting and classifying the largest collection of maize genetics in the world.    Fiercely principled, he challenged and was responsible for changing the way botany was taught in Mexico, and despite all of this work (and more!), there is little written about him in English. In this 3-part series, we talk about his story, the context of his work, and why his story is so important to bring to light.   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list. For the supplemental reader that goes along with the podcast, visit: https://poorprolesalmanac.substack.com/p/efraim-hernandez-part-1   Sources:   1 http://manoa.hawaii.edu/ctahr/termite/aboutcontact/grace/pdfs/028.pdf 2 http://www.avocadosource.com/CAS_Yearbooks/CAS_45_1961/cas_1961_pg_17.pdf 3 http://www.ibiologia.unam.mx/jardin/gela/page4.html

Efraím Hernández is a name that has been ignored by historians, despite the crucial role he played in numerous facets of botany. World renowned in the 50s and 60s, he challenged the Green Revolution's fundamental principled, defended the campesino farmers in Mexico, brokered a deal  to end a national student strike, and was an integral part of the team which was responsible for documenting and classifying the largest collection of maize genetics in the world.    Fiercely principled, he challenged and was responsible for changing the way botany was taught in Mexico, and despite all of this work (and more!), there is little written about him in English. In this 3-part series, we talk about his story, the context of his work, and why his story is so important to bring to light.   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list. For the supplemental reader that goes along with the podcast, visit: https://poorprolesalmanac.substack.com/p/efraim-hernandez-part-1   Sources:   1 https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/215207267.pdf 2 https://oxfordre.com/latinamericanhistory/oso/viewentry/10.1093$002facrefore$002f9780199366439.001.0001$002facrefore-9780199366439-e-30;jsessionid=D15EDE350BDCE3694B475270F82C3A70 3 Curry, H. A. (2022). Endangered maize: Industrial agriculture and the crisis of extinction. University of California Press. 4 https://ia902809.us.archive.org/21/items/biostor-160757/biostor-160757.pdf

Have you ever heard about the time the Jerusalem Artichoke was supposed to save America? Fix our farming problems and create fuel independence? Well this story is worth listening to- it's got televangelists, pyramid schemes, MAGA, Messianic characters, and more! During the 1980s, during a dramatic rise in farm equity, followed by shocking equity loss, followed by disruptive international grain embargoes and threats of input cost inflation, farmers did anything they could to direct their fate into something potentially prosperous, and many discovered a pair of men promising the world, through the Jerusalem artichoke - a "miracle crop" that turned out to be too good to be true.   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list. For the supplemental reader that goes along with the podcast, visit poorprolesalmanac.substack.com   Source: "The great Jerusalem artichoke circus" Joseph A. Amato

Have you ever heard about the time the Jerusalem Artichoke was supposed to save America? Fix our farming problems and create fuel independence? Well this story is worth listening to- it's got televangelists, pyramid schemes, MAGA, Messianic characters, and more! During the 1980s, during a dramatic rise in farm equity, followed by shocking equity loss, followed by disruptive international grain embargoes and threats of input cost inflation, farmers did anything they could to direct their fate into something potentially prosperous, and many discovered a pair of men promising the world, through the Jerusalem artichoke - a "miracle crop" that turned out to be too good to be true.   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list. For the supplemental reader that goes along with the podcast, visit poorprolesalmanac.substack.com   Source: "The great Jerusalem artichoke circus" Joseph A. Amato

Have you ever heard about the time the Jerusalem Artichoke was supposed to save America? Fix our farming problems and create fuel independence? Well this story is worth listening to- it's got televangelists, pyramid schemes, MAGA, Messianic characters, and more! During the 1980s, during a dramatic rise in farm equity, followed by shocking equity loss, followed by disruptive international grain embargoes and threats of input cost inflation, farmers did anything they could to direct their fate into something potentially prosperous, and many discovered a pair of men promising the world, through the Jerusalem artichoke - a "miracle crop" that turned out to be too good to be true.   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list. For the supplemental reader that goes along with the podcast, visit poorprolesalmanac.substack.com   Source: "The great Jerusalem artichoke circus" Joseph A. Amato

Have you ever heard about the time the Jerusalem Artichoke was supposed to save America? Fix our farming problems and create fuel independence? Well this story is worth listening to- it's got televangelists, pyramid schemes, MAGA, Messianic characters, and more! During the 1980s, during a dramatic rise in farm equity, followed by shocking equity loss, followed by disruptive international grain embargoes and threats of input cost inflation, farmers did anything they could to direct their fate into something potentially prosperous, and many discovered a pair of men promising the world, through the Jerusalem artichoke - a "miracle crop" that turned out to be too good to be true.   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list. For the supplemental reader that goes along with the podcast, visit poorprolesalmanac.substack.com   Source: "The great Jerusalem artichoke circus" Joseph A. Amato

Did you know that all of the stone walls in New England were built over 20 years, and it wasn't when the land was claimed and cleared by settlers? We're talking about the history of the new aristocrats in the New World, sheep history, and how the free market destroyed an entire landscape to the point that we're still reeling from those impacts today.   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list. For the supplemental reader that goes along with the podcast, visit poorprolesalmanac.substack.com   Sources: https://www.mainewoodlandowners.org/articles/the-kings-pines-the-colonies-and-the-revolution https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=Vi12xaJxA5U https://newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/brief-history-boston-brahmin/ Klein, J (1920). The Mesta: A Study in Spanish Economic History 1273–1836. Harvard University Press. Ciani E, Lasagna E and D’Andrea M (2015). "Merino and Merino-derived sheep breeds: a genome-wide intercontinental study". Genetics Selection Evolution. 47 (64): 9–10. doi:10.1186/s12711-015-0139-z Ross, C.V. (1989). Sheep production and Management. Engleworrd Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/french-defeated-in-spain https://darntough.com/blogs/the-alternate-stitch/history-of-merino-wool https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=zcLQz-oR6sw https://newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/spanish-sheep-craze-that-forever-changed-vermont/

In our last episode on beekeeping, we jump into what a maintenance practice can look like based on the science we have today. What do we need to support our bees, but short-term and long-term and what techniques do we have in our toolbox to be successful?   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list. For the supplemental reader that goes along with the podcast, visit poorprolesalmanac.substack.com   Sources: Keeping Bees with a Smile: Principles and Practice of Natural Beekeeping Book by Fedor Lazutin 1 https://ucanr.edu/blogs/blogcore/postdetail.cfm?postnum=1544&postnum=1544 2 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351371008_The_production_of_melezitose_in_honeydew_and_its_impact_on_honey_bees_Apis_mellifera_L 3 https://experts.illinois.edu/en/publications/bumble-bees-hymenoptera-apidae-bombus-terrestris-collecting-honey 4 https://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/abs/10.3920/BM2017.0089 https://projects.sare.org/sare_project/fne10-694/

In this episode, we're joined by Michiel Verspuij from Boomtree Bees in Donegal, Ireland, to discuss log hives and restoring native honeybees in Ireland. How much of a difference does raising honeybees in log hives make, and how does it upend our understanding of healthy hives and what their natural cycles look like? Michiel's mission is to help with the conservation and rewilding of the native honeybee through habitat creation and development. They make log hives that mimic the natural habitat for honeybees in the Irish countryside. Check out their work at www.boomtreebees.com & on instagram @Boomtreebees   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list. For the supplemental reader that goes along with the podcast, visit poorprolesalmanac.substack.com

In this episode, we're joined by Susan Chernak McElroy, a prolific naturalist author with a number of New York Times best sellers, to discuss her experiences with building and maintaining skeps, log hives, and the future of beekeeping. How is the science around beekeeping changing how we understand bee habits and what they need to thrive?   Get her most recent book, "What Bees Want", on Amazon or wherever you buy books. To learn more about Susan's research and work, check out her website: https://susanchernakknilans.com/   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list. For the supplemental reader that goes along with the podcast, visit poorprolesalmanac.substack.com   

In this episode, we dive into the concept of the topbar hive, why they're not popular in most of the United States and Europe, and what exactly makes a topbar hive. We discuss when and why topbars might be a better hive design for you, and what their DIY benefits are.   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list. For the supplemental reader that goes along with the podcast, visit poorprolesalmanac.substack.com 

In this episode, we dive into what it takes to measure bee space, a brief history of Reverand Langstroth and his business failures, why the Langstroth Hives we use aren't actually Langstroth Hives, and some basics of why the Langstroth hives are so common and some of their shortfalls.   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list. For the supplemental reader that goes along with the podcast, visit poorprolesalmanac.substack.com      Sources: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-secret-to-the-modern-beehive-is-a-one-centimeter-air-gap-4427011/ 1 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337126549_Honey_bee_microbiome_associated_with_different_hive_and_sample_types_over_a_honey_production_season 2 https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/217262 3 https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lumturi-Sena/publication/347934753_Comparative_evaluation_of_the_honey_bee_colonies'_performance_based_on_two_different_sizes_of_hive_boxes/links/5fe8acc3a6fdccdcb80c983d/Comparative-evaluation-of-the-honey-bee-colonies-performance-based-on-two-different-sizes-of-hive-boxes.pdf 4 https://eprints.qut.edu.au/211442/ 5 https://projects.sare.org/project-reports/fne05-560/ 6 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0266219 7 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298116332_The_First_Top_Bar_Hive_with_Fully_Interchangeable_Combs 8 https://www.ibiblio.org/pub/academic/agriculture/entomology/beekeeping/general/management/top_bar_faqs/tbhf.html 9 https://projects.sare.org/sare_project/ONE12-159/?ar=2013 10 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkPkRmBs2b0 11

Dr. John Kefuss began experimenting with the possibility of breeding resistant bees before it was known it could be done. He promotes his "Bond Method" of selection as both more healthy and economical than chemical treatment for both bees and their keepers. We discuss his evolution on beekeeping after practicing beekeeping across the world, from both Americas & Europe, and what 50 years of beekeeping, 25 of which treatment free, has taught him about this timeless practice.  Check out his recent study from 2015 on treatment-free beekeeping: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00218839.2016.1160709 To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list. For the supplemental reader that goes along with the podcast, visit poorprolesalmanac.substack.com   

n this episode, we dive into the complex world of the wildly undervalued honeybee drone. What's their life cycle look like, how can we better appreciate them, how many drone puns can we make before we get sued by Raytheon, and was Alex Jones right about turning the bees gay? He did say bees, right?   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list. For the supplemental reader that goes along with the podcast, visit poorprolesalmanac.substack.com    Sources: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_rH9ZEh_-Q&list=WL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0950560157800380 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269998940_Quality_of_honeybee_drones_reared_in_colonies_with_limited_and_unlimited_access_to_pollen https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299244937_Optimizing_royal_jelly_production_-_Good_queens_are_a_must https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343973781_Colony-level_pesticide_exposure_affects_honey_bee_Apis_mellifera_L_royal_jelly_production_and_nutritional_composition https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41706944_Sperm_numbers_in_drone_honeybees_Apis_melifera_depend_on_body_size https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354873530_Female_developmental_environment_delays_development_of_male_honeybee_Apis_mellifera https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352200914_Factors_Influencing_the_Reproductive_Ability_of_Male_Bees_Current_Knowledge_and_Further_Directions https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022191016300087 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-79660-w https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353950187_Prospects_in_Connecting_Genetic_Variation_to_Variation_in_Fertility_in_Male_Bees https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269998940_Quality_of_honeybee_drones_reared_in_colonies_with_limited_and_unlimited_access_to_pollen

In this episode, we get into this history of varroa destructor. Varroa mite (Varroa destructor and Varroa jacobsoni) is a parasite of adult honey bees and honey bee brood. It weakens and kills honey bee colonies and can also transmit honey bee viruses. Varroa laid bare the reality of the weaknesses around how honeybees had been reared for the previous decades prior to its introduction into the United States, and we discuss examples of treatment-free solutions from Cuba to Sweden. What would we need to do here in the United States to find a solution for mites, and how realistic is it?   On a lighter note, we discuss why we should take more lessons from Jerry Seinfield in Bee Movie. Also, what would a bee Jurassic Park look like?   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list. For the supplemental reader that goes along with the podcast, visit poorprolesalmanac.substack.com    Sources: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13592-015-0412-8 1   https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356682762_Global_similarity_and_some_key_differences_in_the_metagenomes_of_Swedish_varroa-surviving_and_varroa-susceptible_honeybees 2   https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364129015_Evaluating_the_Effect_of_Plants_Extracts_Against_Varroa_Mites_Varroa_Destructors_of_Honeybees_Apis_Mellifera 3   https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360420665_Promiscuous_feeding_across_multiple_honey_bee_hosts_amplifies_the_vectorial_capacity_of_Varroa_destructor 4   https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363613592_Recapping_and_mite_removal_behaviour_in_Cuba_home_to_the_world%27s_largest_population_of_Varroa-resistant_European_honeybees 5   https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363325544_Migratory_beekeeping_facilitates_genetic_admixture_in_populations_of_the_honeybee_parasite_Varroa_destructor 6   https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353118073_Effect_of_Using_Drone_Brood_Cells_as_Traps_Against_Varroa_destructor_Varroa_Mite 7   https://beekeep.info/a-treatise-on-modern-honey-bee-management/managing-diseases-and-pests/varroa-short-history/ 8   https://beekeep.info/a-treatise-on-modern-honey-bee-management/managing-diseases-and-pests/varroa-short-history/the-promise-of-rnai-interference/ 9   https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12864-020-07363-7 10   https://scientificbeekeeping.com/the-varroa-problem-part-6a/    

In this episode, we dive into the world of Queens. What does a queen life cycle look like, how are we changing that, why are all of our queens failing, and what are some things we can do to help queens to be more successful and to breed healthier hives?   To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac For more information and updates, visit www.poorproles.com and subscribe to our e-mail list. For the supplemental reader that goes along with the podcast, visit poorprolesalmanac.substack.com    Sources: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wrW_04iJ_c What's Going Wrong With Our Queens? Roger Patterson's at the National Honey Show https://beeinformed.org/2019/06/05/honey-bee-caste-systems-part-2-how-genetics-and-the-environment-shape-honey-bee-workers-and-queens/