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We examine possible end dates for one of the most important revolutions in human history. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

France has existed for over a millenia; how many governments has it had in that time? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Philippe I "The Amorous" shows that all is fair in love in war. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Henri I is known as the French monarchy's lowest point. But was he such a bad king? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The completed series on the Norman Conquest of the Mediterranean. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Wherein we recount the incredible impact that Normans had upon the medieval Mediterranean world. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Most 11th-12th century Norman adventurers went to Italy, but some went south to Iberia to join the Reconquista. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Guillaume II dies, plunging Sicily into chaos. Norman rule gives way to German overlordship. The great kingdom declines but survives. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Norman Sicily enters its golden age and becomes one of the greatest kingdoms in medieval Europe. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Queen Marguerite of Navarre rules the Norman Kingdom of Sicily, but she faces constant conspiracies that threaten to overthrow the realm. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Normans conquer north-central Africa and create a new kingdom. But can it last? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Normans create a kingdom in Sicily and rule as 'baptized sultans.' Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Bohemond, the giant from Apulia, leads the armies of Christ eastward. But is it for God or his own glory for which he fights? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Normans invade Byzantium as Robert Guiscard wants to leave his son Bohemond with an empire. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Norman mercenaries serve the Eastern Roman Empire against the Turks, but will they be Byzantium's salvation or its worst enemy? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Normans conquer Southern Italy and Sicily, creating a new country. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Hauteville family conquers southern Italy, defying princes, popes and emperors. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Celine Mitchell explores how modern Algerian-French rappers recreate memory of the Algerian War and connect with France's youth. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Norman mercenaries travel to Italy for a better life. Soon they turn from swords-for-hire to conquerors who would rule states across the Mediterranean World. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Ben of Battle Royale: French Monarchs joins the podcast to rank the Carolingians. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices