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What can Nigeria and other countries do to prevent corruption in the roll-out of COVID-19 vaccines? Covid-19 vaccinations rolled out globally in the past week. Since then, tens of thousands of people in the UK received the Pfizer-BioNTech jab. Soon the vaccine will start being given to patients as part of the next stage of the the programme. On our podcast today, we discussed some of the corruption risks associated with the delivery of vaccines and measures that can be put in place to ensure that the distribution of the Covid-19 vaccine is corruption-free so that it reaches those in most need of it. We also discussed the role of the private sector key lessons from the COVID 19 response so far. This episode has also aired as a video on our YouTube channel. You can watch below or on our channel Step Up TV. (Please subscribe) https://youtu.be/LlmtW_s-Pyg We hope you are safe as you enjoy this episode. Thank you for listening/watching! To listen to our podcasts on other streaming platforms, see links below; YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQj0kA9Ddv-iwaitzvBT7Xg Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/onyinye-ough/step-up-nigeria-podcast-building-bridges-for-improved-governance Itunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/step-up-nigeria-podcast/id1414587292 Podbean: https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/ttv2b-71949/Step-Up-Nigeria-Podcast The post Ep.56 What can Nigeria and other countries do to prevent corruption in the roll-out of COVID-19 vaccines? Lessons from the COVID 19 response so far appeared first on Step Up Nigeria.

Happy World Children’s Day! This podcast is slightly different from what you may be used to hearing from us. Its an excerpt from a radio show debate we held with children from Bethel International primary and secondary school Abuja on WEFM 106.3FM Abuja. The topic for debate on the show today is ‘As a young person, there is something I can do to stop corruption’ with 1 team for the motion and another one against the motion. We recommend that you listen to this episode with your children and hope that you enjoy listening. This episode has also aired as a video on our YouTube channel. You can watch below or on our channel Step Up TV. (Please subscribe) We hope you are safe as you enjoy this episode. Thank you for listening/watching! To listen to our podcasts on other streaming platforms, see links below; YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQj0kA9Ddv-iwaitzvBT7Xg Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/onyinye-ough/step-up-nigeria-podcast-building-bridges-for-improved-governance Itunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/step-up-nigeria-podcast/id1414587292 Podbean: https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/ttv2b-71949/Step-Up-Nigeria-Podcast The post Ep.55 World Children’s Day Debate – As a young person, is there something you can do to stop corruption? appeared first on Step Up Nigeria.

The Socio-Economic Rights And Accountability Project (SERAP) recently released a citizen’s guide to asset declaration by public officers in Nigeria. The guide is targeted at improving citizens capacity to advocate for asset declaration by public office holders in Nigeria. Our guest today is none other than Kolawole Oluwadare, the Deputy Director of SERAP. In this podcast, Kola shares some of the key elements in the guide with us, as well as some of the current challenges faced in implementing the asset declaration act in Nigeria. The guide also explores a comparative analysis of regional and global best practices on asset declaration and lessons Nigeria can learn in ensuring asset declaration by public officers in Nigeria. What recommendations can be given for improvement based on the challenges and lessons identified in the report? Listen Below. This episode has also aired as a video on our YouTube channel. You can watch below or on our channel Step Up TV. (Please subscribe) We hope you are home and safe as you enjoy this episode. Thank you for listening/watching! To listen to our podcasts on other streaming platforms, see links below; Itunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/step-up-nigeria-podcast/id1414587292 YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQj0kA9Ddv-iwaitzvBT7Xg Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/onyinye-ough/step-up-nigeria-podcast-building-bridges-for-improved-governance Podbean: https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/ttv2b-71949/Step-Up-Nigeria-Podcast The post Ep.52 How Can Asset Declaration Help Reduce Public Sector Corruption in Nigeria? appeared first on Step Up Nigeria.

At the 2018 International Anti-corruption conference (IACC) in Denmark, Dr. Ande Ivorgba was famously quoted saying ‘Corruption is an educationally transmitted disease’. In this podcast, Dr. Ivorgba argues that corruption is learned behaviour and that the current education model in schools across Nigeria is contributing to the value deficit in Nigeria. He explains that if the education system’s focus is solely on the cognitive domain of learning, then important lessons like ethics and character building are completely overlooked. Dr. Ivorgba and Onyi Ough also discuss the importance of value-based education in tackling corruption and recommendations for stakeholders in the education sector to strengthen value-based education across schools in the nation. Listen below; This episode also aired as a video on our YouTube channel. You can watch below or on our channel Step Up TV. (Please subscribe) We hope you are home and safe as you enjoy this episode. Thank you for listening/watching! To listen to our podcasts on other streaming platforms, see links below; YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQj0kA9Ddv-iwaitzvBT7Xg Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/onyinye-ough/step-up-nigeria-podcast-building-bridges-for-improved-governance Itunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/step-up-nigeria-podcast/id1414587292 Podbean: https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/ttv2b-71949/Step-Up-Nigeria-Podcast The post Ep.51 Is Corruption An Educationally Transmitted Disease? appeared first on Step Up Nigeria.

Beneficial Ownership Transparency Benefical-Ownership-TransparencyDownload In December 2019, NEITI achieved a major milestone by establishing a beneficial ownership register for the extractive industry. In this podcast, our guests enlighten us on what a beneficial ownership register is, the steps taken to establish a beneficial ownership register for the extractive industry, and how it can help to ensure beneficial ownership transparency in Nigeria. We also discuss the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC)’s establishment of  a beneficial ownership register for all companies in Nigeria and the roles civil society organizations can play in contributing towards beneficial ownership transparency. Our guests  also give recommendations on the best use of these registers and how this will help with the fight against corruption in Nigeria.  This podcast features:|Peter Ogbobine, Director Legal & General Counsel, NEITI |Onyinye Ough, Executive Director, Step Up Nigeria |Feranmi Adeola – Podcast Host| Listen below; This episode also aired as a video on our YouTube channel. You can watch below or on our channel Step Up TV. (Please subscribe) We hope you are home and safe as you enjoy this episode. Thank you for listening/watching! To listen to our podcasts on other streaming platforms, see links below; YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQj0kA9Ddv-iwaitzvBT7Xg Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/onyinye-ough/step-up-nigeria-podcast-building-bridges-for-improved-governance Itunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/step-up-nigeria-podcast/id1414587292 Podbean: https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/ttv2b-71949/Step-Up-Nigeria-Podcast Leave a comment The post Ep.50 What is the importance of a beneficial ownership register for the extractive industry in Nigeria? appeared first on Step Up Nigeria.

Step Up Nigeria turned 2 last month! It’s been 2 years of testing the social norms approach to tackling corruption through our 3 core initiatives which are; The catch them young initiative, The citizen’s watchdog initiative, and Step Up Media. On this podcast, Step Up Nigeria Directors, Onyi Ough and Zainab Haruna, share key findings from testing the social norms approach over the past 2 years. They also discuss key challenges and lessons learned from Step Up Nigeria’s work over the past year; and the impact of story telling in changing attitudes and behaviours towards corruption among young people and communities. Listen to this and more on this week’s episode. This episode also aired as a video on our YouTube channel. You can watch below or on our channel Step Up TV. (Please subscribe) We hope you are home and safe as you enjoy this episode. Thank you for listening/watching! To listen to our podcasts on other streaming platforms, see links below; YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQj0kA9Ddv-iwaitzvBT7Xg Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/onyinye-ough/step-up-nigeria-podcast-building-bridges-for-improved-governance Itunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/step-up-nigeria-podcast/id1414587292 Podbean: https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/ttv2b-71949/Step-Up-Nigeria-Podcast Leave a comment The post Ep.49 Tackling social norms that drive corruption; Lessons from Step Up Nigeria’s Initiatives appeared first on Step Up Nigeria.

Preston Consults Ltd. recently released a policy brief titled “COVID-19: The Need for Bold Reforms to Deliver Sustainable and Inclusive Growth in Nigeria”. On today’s podcast, Preston Consults CEO, Dr. Tochukwu Nwachukwu and Step Up Nigeria Program Director, Zainab Haruna, discuss  some of the key elements in this brief including; boosting production in Agriculture, and pro-poor policies. What can be done to achieve better results in Nigeria post-covid-19? and What are some of the lessons that Nigeria must take away from this pandemic? Listen to find out! This episode also aired as a video on our YouTube channel. You can watch below or on our channel Step Up TV. (Please subscribe) We hope you are home and safe as you enjoy this episode. Thank you for listening/watching! To listen to our podcasts on other streaming platforms, see links below; YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQj0kA9Ddv-iwaitzvBT7Xg Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/onyinye-ough/step-up-nigeria-podcast-building-bridges-for-improved-governance Itunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/step-up-nigeria-podcast/id1414587292 Podbean: https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/ttv2b-71949/Step-Up-Nigeria-Podcast The post Ep.48 Beyond COVID-19: Repositioning the Nigerian Economy for Sustainable & Inclusive Growth appeared first on Step Up Nigeria.

Young children in Nigeria are adversely affected by the effects of corruption in society and many children are forced into a culture of corruption and crime with little or no understanding of its meaning and long term effects.We asked a group of young secondary schools students (aged 12 -16) who are championing integrity in their schools and communities in the FCT, Lagos and Kaduna State how corruption is affecting children in Nigeria, and the role that children have to play in fighting it. They also share experiences from taking actions against corruption and advice for other children interested in joining them in this fight. We hope you are inspired by all that you have heard and advice that you watch this episode with your children. Happy African Anti-corruption Day! Listen to the podcast below; This episode also aired as a video on our YouTube channel. You can watch below or on our channel Step Up TV. (Please subscribe) We hope you are home and safe as you enjoy this episode. Thank you for listening/watching! To listen to our podcasts on other streaming platforms, see links below; Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/onyinye-ough/step-up-nigeria-podcast-building-bridges-for-improved-governance Itunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/step-up-nigeria-podcast/id1414587292 Podbean: https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/ttv2b-71949/Step-Up-Nigeria-Podcast The post Ep.47 The Role of Children in Fighting Corruption – African Anticorruption Day 2020 appeared first on Step Up Nigeria.

How is data driven journalism helping to expose corruption during COVID 19?Dataphyte recently published a report highlighting some red flags with the emergency procurement of goods and services by the government during COVID 19. Dataphyte’s Founder, Joshua Olufemi breaks down some of the findings of the report and its implications for governance going forward. Accompanied by our Executive Director, Onyi Ough, they also share recommendations for improvement and tips for citizens, CSO’s & Media to use data to highlight various governance issues and provide solutions to them. Listen to the podcast below; This episode also aired as a video on our YouTube channel. You can watch below or on our channel Step Up TV. (Please subscribe) We hope you are home and safe as you enjoy this episode. Thank you for listening/watching! To listen to our podcasts on other streaming platforms, see links below; Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/onyinye-ough/step-up-nigeria-podcast-building-bridges-for-improved-governance Itunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/step-up-nigeria-podcast/id1414587292 Podbean: https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/ttv2b-71949/Step-Up-Nigeria-Podcast The post Ep.46 How is data driven journalism helping to expose corruption during COVID 19? appeared first on Step Up Nigeria.

The Afrobarometer report for 2019 shows that young people are deeply affected by corruption. On this special podcast episode to commemorate Africa Anti-corruption Day, we ask a group of young Nigerian activists (Aisha Salaudeen, Joshua Alade & Jacob Sule) How corruption affects young people in Africa? What are some ways that young people can act against corruption? Is education essential in empowering youth led integrity movements? and how can young people become creatively involved in addressing corruption as it occurs around them? Listen to voices of Young African leaders sharing their experiences, fears and thoughts on the role of youth in tackling corruption. This episode also aired as a video on our YouTube channel. You can watch below or on our channel Step Up TV. (Please subscribe) We hope you are home and safe as you enjoy this episode. Thank you for listening/watching! To listen to our podcasts on other streaming platforms, see links below; Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/onyinye-ough/step-up-nigeria-podcast-building-bridges-for-improved-governance Itunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/step-up-nigeria-podcast/id1414587292 Podbean: https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/ttv2b-71949/Step-Up-Nigeria-Podcast The post Ep.45 The Role of Young People In Fighting Corruption. appeared first on Step Up Nigeria.

At the inception of the coronavirus outbreak, no one could have imagined that Nigeria would have over 20,000 confirmed cases and over 500 deaths. Moreso, no one could have been prepared for the ensuing closure of all schools nationwide that has led to a major disruption in the academic calendar. What challenges have the public and private sectors faced in transitioning to e-learning? What stopgaps have been put in place by schools and the government to ensure continuity of education? Are there any lessons that actors in the education sector can learn from the effects of this pandemic on schools? We answer all these questions and more in this debate between Laolu Apara, the Administrator of the Association of Formidable Educational Development (AFED) and Oni Abodunrin, of Lagos State Education District IV. This episode also aired as a video on our YouTube channel. You can watch below or on our channel Step Up TV. (Please subscribe) We hope you are home and safe as you enjoy this episode. Thank you for listening/watching! To listen to our podcasts on other streaming platforms, see links below; Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/onyinye-ough/step-up-nigeria-podcast-building-bridges-for-improved-governance Itunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/step-up-nigeria-podcast/id1414587292 Podbean: https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/ttv2b-71949/Step-Up-Nigeria-Podcast The post Ep.44 The impact of COVID-19 on the education sector; A discussion with policy makers in Lagos State appeared first on Step Up Nigeria.

On episode 43 of our podcast, we discuss the extent to which infrastructure transparency will help improve countries’ response to the coronavirus pandemic. We considered emerging risks to infrastructure transparency, key lessons nations can learn about the importance of infrastructure transparency, and what must be done to prevent corruption in the management of the current pandemic and future crisis. Our guests on this podcast were;Mathew T Page – A senior governance expert and associate fellow with Chattam HouseGilbert Sendugwa – Senior Regional Manager of COST initiativeOnyinye Ough – Executive Director of Step Up Nigeria We hope you are home and safe as you enjoy this episode. Thank you for listening/watching! To listen to our podcasts on other streaming platforms, see links below; Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/onyinye-ough/step-up-nigeria-podcast-building-bridges-for-improved-governance Itunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/step-up-nigeria-podcast/id1414587292 Podbean: https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/ttv2b-71949/Step-Up-Nigeria-Podcast The post Ep.43 Will efforts to improve infrastructure transparency contribute towards an effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic? appeared first on Step Up Nigeria.

Emeka’s Money film launched on May 29. For the official launch we discussed ‘Story telling as a tool to fight corruption’ with Mbuotidem Johnson & Onyi. They also discussed the extent to which storytelling through animated films can help in changing attitudes & behaviours of people towards corruption? and success stories from Step Up Nigeria’s adoption of the storytelling approach to shape the mindset and attitudes of children to act against corruption. Listen below; This episode also aired as a video on our YouTube channel. You can watch below or on our channel Step Up TV. (Please subscribe) We hope you are home and safe as you enjoy this episode. Thank you for listening/watching! To listen to our podcasts on other streaming platforms, see links below; Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/onyinye-ough/step-up-nigeria-podcast-building-bridges-for-improved-governance Itunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/step-up-nigeria-podcast/id1414587292 Podbean: https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/ttv2b-71949/Step-Up-Nigeria-Podcast The post Ep.42 Story Telling As a Tool to Fight Corruption appeared first on Step Up Nigeria.

Emeka’s Money film launched on May 29. For the official launch we discussed ‘Combating corruption through challenging social norms’ with Chatham House scholar, Dr Leena Hoffman, NEITI Executive Secretary, Mr. Waziri Adio, UNODC Country Director, Mr. Oliver Stolpe, and DFID Governance Adviser, Ekanem Bassey. They also shared their individual reviews of the film and what they believed would be its success in challenging some of the social drivers of corruption discussed. Listen below. This episode also aired as a video on our YouTube channel. You can watch below or on our channel Step Up TV. (Please subscribe) We hope you are home and safe as you enjoy this episode. Thank you for listening/watching! To listen to our podcasts on other streaming platforms, see links below; Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/onyinye-ough/step-up-nigeria-podcast-building-bridges-for-improved-governance Itunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/step-up-nigeria-podcast/id1414587292 Podbean: https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/ttv2b-71949/Step-Up-Nigeria-Podcast The post Ep.41 Combating Corruption Through Challenging Social Norms appeared first on Step Up Nigeria.

Emeka played by – Ovie Paul-EjukorlemFemi played by -Raymond AbiaUche played by – Rodney AbiaGovernor Teso played by -Greg ‘Teddy Bear’ Ojefua Emeka’s Money is the first in a children’s anti corruption story book series by Onyi Ough, Step Up Nigeria’s Executive Director. With funding support from the MacArthur Foundation and animation from Basement Studios, Emeka’s Money now has an animated Film. In today’s episode, we sat down with the cast of Emeka’s Money Film to discuss the themes behind the characters they played and how being a part of the project has influenced them. This episode also aired as a video on our YouTube channel. You can watch below or on our channel Step Up TV. (Please subscribe) We hope you are home and safe as you enjoy this episode. Thank you for listening/watching! To listen to our podcasts on other streaming platforms, see links below; Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/onyinye-ough/step-up-nigeria-podcast-building-bridges-for-improved-governance Itunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/step-up-nigeria-podcast/id1414587292 Podbean: https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/ttv2b-71949/Step-Up-Nigeria-Podcast The post Ep.40 Emeka’s Money Animated Film – Interview with The Film Cast appeared first on Step Up Nigeria.

Emeka’s Money is the first in a children’s anti corruption story book series by Onyi Ough, Step Up Nigeria’s Executive Director. Since September 2018, over 7000 children have read Emeka’s Money storybook and been inspired by Emeka to act with integrity. Now, with funding support from the MacArthur Foundation and creative Direction from Basement Studios, Emeka’s Money now has an animated Film. In today’s episode, we sat down with the Author of Emeka’s Money and Basement studios animator/ producer Mbuotidem Johnson to discuss the journey to making this exceptional film. This episode also aired as a video on our YouTube channel. You can watch below or on our channel Step Up TV. (Please subscribe) We hope you are home and safe as you enjoy this episode. Thank you for listening/watching! To listen to our podcasts on other streaming platforms, see links below; Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/onyinye-ough/step-up-nigeria-podcast-building-bridges-for-improved-governance Itunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/step-up-nigeria-podcast/id1414587292 Podbean: https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/ttv2b-71949/Step-Up-Nigeria-Podcast The post Ep.39 Emeka’s Money Animated Film – Interview with film producers Onyi Ough & Mbuotidem Johnson appeared first on Step Up Nigeria.

In 2016, Forty-three countries from all global regions attended the Anti-Corruption Summit in London. The Summit sought to help countries put fighting corruption at the heart of their policies and institutions. At the end, countries signed the Global Declaration against Corruption and made several country-specific Summit commitments. On today’s podcast, we had Transparency International’s Lucia Cirimello and Step Up Nigeria’s Onyinye Ough discuss the progress being made by countries to implement anti-corruption summit commitments. They also shared the specific commitments they think will be relevant towards ensuring more transparency and accountability in the management of funds for the COVID 19 response, as well as adverse effects of non-implementation of these commitments. This episode also aired as a video on our YouTube channel. You can watch below or on our channel Step Up TV. (Please subscribe) We hope you are home and safe as you enjoy this episode. Thank you for listening/watching! To listen to our podcasts on other streaming platforms, see links below; Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/onyinye-ough/step-up-nigeria-podcast-building-bridges-for-improved-governance Itunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/step-up-nigeria-podcast/id1414587292 Podbean: https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/ttv2b-71949/Step-Up-Nigeria-Podcast The post Ep.38 Could implementing the Anti Corruption Summit commitments have helped countries better ensure transparency and accountability in their COVID 19 response? appeared first on Step Up Nigeria.

We are very excited to announce that our much loved story book ‘Emeka’s Money’ now has its own animated film. Over 7000 children have read Emeka’s Money. And for many of these children, Emeka has become an iIntegrity hero who inspires them. When Emeka started to see the real cost of corruption, he decided that he needed to change the way things were done in his State. He decided to choose integrity! Will you join Emeka on this journey to becoming a person of integrity? We present the official trailer of our animated film – #EmekasMoneyFilm We have also launched an anti-corruption anthem, which serves as the soundtrack for the film. Please watch the music video for Emeka’s song ‘We Must Do Better’ below; We hope you have enjoyed the movie trailer and soundtrack and we hope to see you when the film premiers on May 29 at 8:00pm Nigerian Time. To stay abreast with launch details, please follow Step Up Nigeria on all our social media platforms and subscribe to our YouTube channel, ‘Step Up TV’ today. The post Special Announcement: Emeka’s Money Film Launch appeared first on Step Up Nigeria.

Our podcast guest today is Blair Glencorse, the Executive Director of Accountability Lab Global and he is joined by the Executive Director of Step Up Nigeria. Blair recently wrote an article on ‘Why tackling corruption is crucial to the global coronavirus response’ and in this episode, Blair and Onyi discuss examples from countries around the world that show that corruption has undermined the fight against the novel coronavirus. They argue that tackling corruption is crucial to an effective coronavirus response and admonish societies around the world to begin a large-scale effort to promote integrity and to change the incentives that lead to corrupt behaviour. This episode also aired as a video on our YouTube channel which you can see here. Please subscribe to our channel ! We hope you are home and safe as you enjoy this episode. Thank you for listening/watching! To listen to our podcasts on other streaming platforms; Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/onyinye-ough/step-up-nigeria-podcast-building-bridges-for-improved-governance Itunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/step-up-nigeria-podcast/id1414587292 Podbean: https://www.podbean.com/podcast-detail/ttv2b-71949/Step-Up-Nigeria-Podcast The post Ep.37 Why tackling corruption is crucial in ensuring an effective response to COVID-19 appeared first on Step Up Nigeria.

Nigeria’s health sector seems ill-equipped to adequately respond to the Coronavirus pandemic and corruption has been identified as one of the challenges that has affected Nigeria’s health systems. In this podcast with our Executive Director and Program Director, we answer the following questions; Is corruption affecting the effective delivery of healthcare services in Nigeria? What are some key lessons for Nigeria that the coronavirus pandemic has shown? What can be done to reduce corruption in Nigeria’s health system and ensure that Nigeria’s health system is better equipped to tackle future pandemics as well as improve healthcare delivery for its people? Please see below infographic for more details… We hope you are home and safe as you enjoy this episode. Thank you for listening! The post Ep.36 Costs of Corruption on the Coronavirus Pandemic – Reflections and Lessons appeared first on Step Up Nigeria.