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Season 1, CHATROOM 13 The Case of the Severed Breasts on the Windowsill At the turn of the 19th century, Guatemala City was booming. In an attempt to maintain order, the Spanish colonial government implemented a series of police reforms. In the midst of these changes, Don Cayetano Diaz discovers a pair of severed breasts on his windowsill. Nobody can make sense of this crime. Over the next few months, the perpetrator strikes again and again, much to the frustration of the local authorities. Who was the perpetrator? What was the meaning of these crimes? In this Chatroom, Sylvia Sellers-Garcia, a historian of colonial Latin America, explores her own theory of this mysterious crime and what it can tell as about this era in Guatemalan history. Content warning: This episode features acts of dismemberment and is not suitable for young children. Time Markers (mins:sec) 0:42 In the heart of Guatemala City 1:12 The breasts appear 2:03 Sylvia Sellers-Garcia discovers the case in the archives 2:43 How the case relates to our present 3:23 Guatemala City locals react to the crime 3:56 The police investigate 5:46 Dr. Esparragosa makes a discovery 6:26 Corpse mutilation and sacrilege 7:34 The plot thickens: Simona Villagrán 8:16 Sylvia discovers another victim in the hospital records 9:13 Police reform in Guatemala City 10:46 Sylvia presents her theory Guests Sylvia Sellers-Garcia Resources Transcript Reading Suggestions Share Episode Twitter Facebook WhatsApp  Sign up for updates   EMAIL Hey you! Have you signed up for our free letter? This *isn’t* a marketing email! We’ll send you additional content and links for each episode, and updates about our podcast. Do you prefer episode subscriptions via WhatsApp? Find other ways to subscribe here Reading List Sellers-García, Sylvia. The Woman on the Windowsill: A Tale of Mystery in Several Parts. Yale University Press, 2020. Sellers-García, Sylvia. “How Things Disappear.” Sewanee Review. Volume 128, No. 2. Spring 2020. Sellers-García, Sylvia. Imagining Histories of Colonial Latin America. University of New Mexico Press 2017. Sellers-García, Sylvia. Distance and Documents at the Spanish Empire’s Periphery. Stanford University Press 2014. Sellers-García, Sylvia. “The Criminal Record.” Virginia Quarterly Review. January 2009.

Season 1, CHATROOM 12 The Evolution of Indo-Fijian Blues, or Bidesia At the turn of the 20th century, the British took Indian indentured labourers to sugar plantations in Fiji. There, Indian women would sing “bidesia” — laments for a lost homeland. In this Chatroom, acclaimed Fijian poet-philosopher Sudesh Mishra speaks of bidesia, and about Fijian indigenous knowledge systems that place humans as part of the planetary assemblage. Time Markers (mins: sec) 0:05 – Poem “The Hula Hoop” 1:16 – Sudesh on writing poetry during Covid 3:11 – Fiji’s history of indentured labour 3:56 – Bidesia by Saraswati Devi (Bidesia Project) 4:13 – Sudesh explains Bidesia, and connection with the blues 5:16 – Bidesia by Priyanka Kumari (Bidesia Project) 6:05 – Analogous to the blues 6:49 – Sudesh sings and explains a bidesia 8:23 – Western culture erases memory 9:15 – The con in a can of tomatoes  10:37 – Fijians are returning to old ways due to Covid and climate change Guests Sudesh Mishra Resources Transcript Reading Suggestions Share Episode Twitter Facebook WhatsApp  Sign up for updates   EMAIL Hey you! Have you signed up for our free letter? This *isn’t* a marketing email! We’ll send you additional content and links for each episode, and updates about our podcast. Do you prefer episode subscriptions via WhatsApp? Find other ways to subscribe here Reading List Coolitude Poetics Interview with Sudesh Mishra | Jacket2. https://jacket2.org/commentary/coolitude-poetics-interview-sudesh-mishra. Accessed 17 Feb. 2021. Mishra, Sudesh. Lives of Coat Hangers. 2016. Mishra, Vijay, et al. The Diasporic Imaginary and the Indian Diaspora. Asian Studies Institute, 2005. Woznicki, Krystian. “Developing a Sense of Taking Part.” Online Open, https://onlineopen.org/developing-a-sense-of-taking-part. Accessed 17 Feb. 2021.

Season 1, CHATROOM 11 When Technology Meets Ayurveda The “epic clash” of traditional medicine vs. Western medicine is really anything but when it comes to treatment. In reality, medical systems have always influenced each other to change and evolve. In this episode, we look at the influence of technology on Ayurveda. It’s a little window into the transformation of India’s indigenous medical system, beginning in the 1860s. Projit Bihari Mukharji is an associate professor in the department of history and sociology of science at the University of Pennsylvania, and the author of “Doctoring Traditions: Ayurveda, Small Technologies, and Braided Sciences” (University of Chicago Press, 2016). Time Markers (mins:sec) 0:04 “Jibano Jakhano Sukhaya Jay” from movie “Arogya Niketan” 0:53 clash between traditional and Western medicines 1:13 Projit Mukharji intro 2:31 metaphor of braiding 3:22 small technologies 3:49 pocket watch and pulse diagnosis 4:27 quantitative pulse 4:47 qualitative pulse 5:40 pulse and predicting death 6:52 medical thermometer 7:35 fever in Ayurveda 8:05 heat and fever 8:36 narrowing range of body heat 9:12 thermometer and patient care Guests Projit Bihari Mukharji Resources Transcript Reading Suggestions Share Episode Twitter Facebook WhatsApp  Sign up for updates   EMAIL Reading List Mukharji, Projit Bihari. Akarnan: The Stethoscope and Making of Modern Ayurveda, Bengal, c. 1894-1952, Technology and Culture, 60:4, 953-78. (2019) Mukharji, Projit Bihari. Cat and Mouse: Animal Technologies, Trans-Imperial Networks and Public Health from Below, British India, c. 1907-1918, Social History of Medicine, 31:3, 510-32. (2018) Mukharji, Projit Bihari. Doctoring Traditions: Ayurveda, Small Technologies, and Braided Sciences, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016.  

Season 1, CHATROOM 10 Encounters with India’s Maneaters We are increasingly sharing space with predators and wild animals, with deadly consequences… for the animals, that is… not so much the humans.. or, at least that was the case until the pandemic.. Covid-19 is the result of a breaching of ecological boundaries. In this episode, we learn how to co-exist with other species from Nayanika Mathur, an anthropologist at Oxford University. Time Markers (mins: sec) 00:04 — Leopard attack 02:00 — Human-animal conflict has become the norm 3:45 — Introducing Nayanika Mathur 4:08 — Nayanika collects big cat stories 4:57 — stories from unknown voices are powerful 5:54 – Story of a leopard watching a woman named Vimla 7:50 — Why didn’t the leopard hurt Vimla? 8:15 — animals have memory 9:29 — science shows animals have memory 11:45 — story of the man with one arm 13:40 — how can we live more in balance with nature? Guests Nayanika Mathur Resources Transcript Reading Suggestions Share Episode Twitter Facebook WhatsApp  Sign up for updates   EMAIL Reading List Paper Tiger: Law, Bureaucracy and the Developmental State in Himalayan India. Mathur, Nayanika. Delhi: Cambridge University Press, 2016. 204 pp. Telling the story of the pandemic. (2020, May 11). Somatosphere. http://somatosphere.net/forumpost/covid19-storytelling-pandemic/ Mathur, N. ‘Nature is healing’: Why we need to be careful about how we tell the story of the pandemic. Scroll.in. Retrieved January 20, 2021, from https://scroll.in/article/963743/nature-is-healing-why-we-need-to-be-careful-about-how-we-tell-the-story-of-the-pandemic     

Season 1, CHATROOM 9 Disease Goddesses and Scapegoats In India, a rich tradition of Disease Goddesses assigned a female deity to each illness. From Hariti and Shitala for smallpox to Ola bibi and Ola devi for cholera — and Corona devi for our current pandemic — the goddess was believed both to cause the disease and to protect those who prayed to her. Sometimes the rituals went beyond prayers and pujas to a practice called scapegoating — symbolically capturing the disease in an object, animal or person and removing them to another location. David Arnold, professor emeritus at the University of Warwick in the U.K., has been studying the history of disease and medicine in South Asia for many years, and explains the phenomenon of the Disease Goddess. Time Markers (mins:sec) 0:19  coronavirus devotional music video 1:01  coronavirus puja 1:38  David Arnold intro 2:32  disease in India 3:42  smallpox treatment 4:40  invoking Goddess Shitala 5:20  worship of the goddess 5:47  goddess of cholera 6:15  Goddesses Mariamman and Hariti 6:36  power of Shakti 7:13  women as carers during flu pandemic 8:03  scapegoating 9:24  options when faced with disease Guests David Arnold Resources Transcript  Reading Suggestions Share Episode Twitter  Facebook  WhatsApp  Sign up for updates   EMAIL Reading List Arnold, David. The Tropics and the Traveling Gaze: India, Landscape, and Science, 1800-1856. University of Washington Press, 2006. Arnold, David. Science, Technology and Medicine in Colonial India (The New Cambridge History of India). Cambridge University Press, 2000. Arnold, David. Colonizing the Body: State Medicine and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-Century India. University of California Press, 1993.    

Season 1, CHATROOM 8 A Disease Sleuth in Bangalore We follow British scientist Ronald Ross as he stops a cholera outbreak in Bangalore in 1895. At first he’s stumped. The disease shows up in one place and then  jumps to the other end of town. And how to get his hands on a microscope when there’s only one in all of South India? Join Sanjeev Jain, a professor at NIMHANS, for a “whodunnit” on Ross’ disease-hunting trail. Time Markers (mins: sec) 00:57 – Ross meets a man from a tribe 03:05 – Ross joins the Indian Medical Service 04:35 – Ross heads to Bangalore 05:07 – Bangalore looks like an English village 06:15 – Conditions in Black’s town 07:15 – Ross quarantines people, destroys property 08:40 – Ross takes careful notes 11:20 – Ross makes recommendations 12:10 – Information is important during outbreaks Guests Sanjeev Jain Resources Transcript Reading Suggestions Share Episode Twitter Facebook WhatsApp  Sign up for updates   EMAIL Reading List Jain, S. and Sarin, A. (2020, April 20). Contact tracing, hotspots and plodding through sewers: Cholera in Bangalore 1895. The Federal. https://thefederal.com/the-eighth-column/contact-tracing-hotspots-and-plodding-through-sewers-cholera-in-bangalore-1895/ Sinden, R. E. (2007). Malaria, mosquitoes and the legacy of Ronald Ross. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 85(11), 894–896. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.04.020735  

Season 1, CHATROOM 7 An Ancient Pandemic Story Atreya, the renowned teacher of Ayurveda, is walking with his pupils on the banks of the river Ganga in Kampilya. Ominous signs of an epidemic shadow the grandeur of the ancient kingdom. Atreya explains to his students how an epidemic arises from degraded environmental conditions. And he points to their cause: the unrighteous actions of a particular group of citizens. Sanskrit scholar Dominik Wujastyk of the University of Alberta in Canada, narrates this compelling tale from one of the oldest Ayurvedic texts. It’s a story of surprising resonance with our current global situation. Time Markers (mins:sec) 0:34 Two major encyclopedias of Ayurveda 1:23 Learning Sanskrit from eminent pandit in Pune 2:30 Reciting first part of story in Sanskrit 3:41 How Ayurveda views the human body 4:30 The Charaka samhita 4:55 Atreya’s story 6:58 How Ayurveda explains an epidemic 7:20 Descriptions of corrupted environmental conditions 8:26 Atreya’s story continues 8:50 What causes environmental corruption 9:44 Greed and the environment 10:24 Ancient texts are based on observation 10:53 A golden opportunity Guests Dominik Wujastyk Resources Transcript Reading Suggestions Share Episode Twitter Facebook WhatsApp  Sign up for updates   EMAIL Reading List Wujastyk, Dominik. The Roots of Āyurveda: Selections from Sanskrit Medical Writings, Penguin Classics (London, New York: Penguin Group). Third revised edition,pp.xlviii, 361. 2003 Wujastyk, Dominik and Conrad, Lawrence I. Contagion: Perspectives from Pre-modern Societies. (Ashgate Publishing: Aldershot, Burlington USA, Singapore, Sydney). 2000 Wujastyk, Dominik (2017). ‘Models of Disease in Ayurvedic Medicine’. In: The Routledge History of Disease. Ed. by Mark Jackson. Abingdon: Routledge. Chap. 3, pp. 38–53.  

Season 1, CHATROOM 6 You’re Being Tracked: Pandemic Capitalism Disaster brings change. We discuss surveillance and public health during Covid-19. These days, it’s not only governments capturing raw data about us. A public health vacuum left by governments over decades is being filled by tech companies, which have stepped up surveillance, says Martin French, a sociologist and surveillance expert at the University of Concordia in Montreal. Time Markers (mins: sec) 00:09 – news clips 1:23 – overview of episode 3:23 – links between public health, epidemiology and surveillance 4:16 – differences between surveillance and epidemiology 6:00 – how do contact tracing apps work? 8:33 – dangers of contact tracing apps 8:50 – what is surveillance capitalism? 12:08 – apps cement power by getting more people online 14:07 – what is disaster capitalism? 16:38 – disaster capitalism during COVID-19 17:25 – lack of public health investment in India 18:00 – links between surveillance and bias 19:00 – epidemiology and its unintended consequences Guests Martin French Resources Transcript Reading Suggestions Share Episode Twitter Facebook WhatsApp  Sign up for updates   EMAIL Reading List Zuboff, S. (2018). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for the future at the new frontier of power. Profile Books. Klein, N. (2008). The shock doctrine: The rise of disaster capitalism. Penguin Books. French, M., Guta, A., Gagnon, M., Mykhalovskiy, E., Roberts, S. L., Goh, S., McClelland, A., & McKelvey, F. (2020). Corporate contact tracing as a pandemic response. Critical Public Health, 0(0), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2020.1829549  Leith, D. and Farrell, S. 2020. Contact tracing app privacy: What data is shared by Europe’s GAEN contact tracing apps. Testing Apps for COVID-19 Tracing (TACT), https://down.dsg.cs.tcd.ie/tact/. Naomi Klein: How big tech plans to profit from the pandemic https://www.theguardian.com/news/2020/may/13/naomi-klein-how-big-tech-plans-to-profit-from-coronavirus-pandemic COVID-19 and the Rise of Participatory SIGINT:An Examination of the Rise in Government Surveillance Through Mobile Applications https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305912 Surveillance in an Era of Pandemic and Protest. https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=22&v=wJ_jvdAP-7U

Season 1, CHATROOM 5 Ayurveda & Science Can the great divide between traditional and allopathic medicines ever be bridged? We talk with Annamma Spudich, a cell and molecular biologist who has also studied Indian medical systems for years. This blend informs her unique perspectives, from the efficacy of black pepper at the molecular level to a folk practitioner whose prescription includes a medicinal plant collected by a naked man. Time Markers (mins: sec) 0:24 Benefits of daily spices decoction 1:28 Annamma’s unique background 2:37 Childhood surrounded by traditional practices 3:22 “Pepper water” for a minor cold 4:26 Black pepper at the molecular level 5:15 Oil bath for aches and pains 6:19 50 medicines derived from plants 6:44 Outcome-based studies of natural remedies 7:05 Traditional remedies for chronic conditions 7:56 Factions of medical systems 9:28 Outcome is wellness 10:15 Molecular methods of measuring wellness 11:07 Plant extract has many compounds 12:02 Traditional medicine very different from classical methods 13:24 Visiting Kerala ashtavaidya 15:14 Visiting folk medical practitioner 16:08 The plant to be collected by a naked man Guests Annamma Spudich Resources Transcript Reading Suggestions Share Episode Twitter Facebook WhatsApp  Sign up for updates   EMAIL Reading List Spudich, Annamma & Menon, Indudharan. (2014). On the integration of Ayurveda and biomedicine: Perspectives generated from interviews with Ashtavaidya Ayurveda physicians of Kerala. Current science. 106. 1500-1504.   The Indian Spice Trade: In Search for Knowledge and Riches https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/the-indian-spice-trade-in-search-for-knowledge-and-riches%C2%A0/eQLii3aIo8xmKA

Season 1, CHATROOM 4 The Water Carriers of Calcutta, and other matters Why do so many colonial cities in the developing world not have piped water? Many parts of old cities in India still employ bhistis, or water carriers, to take water to people who don’t have pipes — though they are a fading breed, and being replaced by water tankers. We speak to historian Pratik Chakrabarti of the University of Manchester Time Markers (mins: sec) 0:10 Gunga Din by Rudyard Kipling 2:32 Episode synopsis 5:23 Infectious disease is linked to poverty 6:30 Quarantine was a major tool to curb disease 7:30 The British install two separate water systems in colonial cities 9:25 The legacy of the dual water system continues 13:12 Rabindranath Tagore’s ‘My Reminiscences’ 13:55 The British said they couldn’t afford infrastructure upgrades in India 17:01 The British extracted 15 million pounds from India in 1900 17:59 Race, filth and disease got intermingled 22:58 Is quarantine good or bad? 26:06 Similarities between cholera and Covid19 28:42 Will Covid19 change our societies? Guests Pratik Chakrabarti Resources Transcript Reading Suggestions Share Episode Twitter Facebook WhatsApp  Sign up for updates   EMAIL Reading List Chakrabarti, P. (2015). Purifying the river: Pollution and purity of water in colonial calcutta. Studies in History, 31(2), 178–205. https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643015586908 Chakrabarti, P. (2010). Curing cholera: Pathogens, places and poverty in south asia. International Journal of South Asian Studies, 3, 153–168. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3160492/ The project gutenberg ebook of my reminiscences, by sir rabindranath tagore. (n.d.). Retrieved October 21, 2020, from https://www.gutenberg.org/files/22217/22217-h/22217-h.htm

Folk Healing is the most ancient form of medicine. G. Hariramamurthi has visited more than 12,000 villages across India to document folk medicine practices

Season 1, Episode 2 Healing Plants Use headphones for immersive audio   We know plants are healers, of course. But they’re also so much more. They have shaped our history. Just a few centuries ago, they drove exploration, started wars, transformed economies. Today, they are the bedrock of big pharma and traditional medicine empires. We can’t fault the modern life-saving drugs that Western medicine has given us. But we wonder if something effervescent doesn’t get lost when plants become pills? Perhaps the traditional and holistic healing framework that medicinal plants once belonged to? Time Markers (mins: sec) 0:28 - Murder on the Karakoram Pass 6:00 - Overview of the episode 7:34 - Chapter 1: Plants as healers 12:00 - Chapter 2: Plants as drivers of Empire 19:00 - The story of healer Itty Achuden 22:23 - Chapter 3: Plants as commodities 23:40 - A visit to a Madras bazaar with a British surgeon 29:16 - Chapter 4: Agents of conquest Guests Pratik Chakrabarti Annamma Spudich Dominik Wujastyk Ines Županov Resources Transcript References Share Episode Twitter Facebook WhatsApp  Sign up for updates   EMAIL Chatroom Episodes Chatroom 11: When Technology Meets Ayurveda Feb 3, 2021The influx of technology such as pocket watches beginning in the 1860s transformed India’s traditional medical systems Chatroom 9: Disease Goddesses and Scapegoats Jan 6, 2021In India, a rich tradition of Disease Goddesses assigned a female deity to each illness. She was believed both to cause and protect from the disease. Chatroom 7: An Ancient Pandemic Story Dec 2, 2020A Sanskrit scholar narrates a tale from one of the oldest Ayurvedic texts, Charaka-samhita, that has surprising resonance with our current lives Chatroom 5: Ayurveda & Science Nov 4, 2020Can the great divide between traditional and allopathic medicines ever be bridged? We talk with biologist Annamma Spudich about Ayurveda Chatroom #3: The Most Ancient Medicine Oct 7, 2020Folk Healing is the most ancient form of medicine. G. Hariramamurthi has visited more than 12,000 villages across India to document folk medicine practices References Bower, H. A Trip to Turkistan. The Geographical Journal 5, no. 3: 240-57; 1895. doi:10.2307/1773933. Chakrabarti, Pratik. “Neither of meate nor drinke, but what the Doctor alloweth”: Medicine amidst War and Commerce in Eighteenth-Century Madras. Bull Hist Med. 2006 Spring; 80(1): 1–38. doi: 10.1353/bhm.2006.0009 Freedman, Paul. Search for Flavors Influenced Our World. Yale Center for the Study of Globalization; 2003. https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/search-flavors-influenced-our-world. Accessed Sept. 12, 2020. Ghanapatigal, Govind Prakash Bhat and Bhat, Satyanarayana; audio production K. Suresh. Powerful Mantra for Medicinal Healing, Oshadhaya Suktam, Yajur Veda. https://youtu.be/AE2RD07FXE0; 2020. More info at https://ghanapati.com/ Gottardi, Davide; Bukvicki, Danka; Prasad, Sahdeo, Tyagi, Amit K. Beneficial Effects of Spices in Food Preservation and Safety. Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 7. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01394. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01394 Grove, Richard. Indigenous Knowledge and the Significance of South-West India for Portuguese and Dutch C...

An old draconian law from 1897, when plague hit Bombay, has been reinstated for Covid-19. Interview with historian Tarangini Sriraman

What should nations do, other than shut down borders, when a pandemic hits? We speak to historian Alison Bashford

Season 1, Episode 1 Pandemics & Borders Use headphones for immersive audio   We are policing ourselves and our neighbors these days… our governments are certainly tracking us! States are closing national borders. We stay at home waiting for permission to leave. We mull over the loss of civil liberties under the guise of the pandemic. And to understand these responses, we learn about a devastating  pandemic from the 1800s. In 1817, cholera broke out in Bengal and became a pandemic. Millions died. Europeans were ruling most of Asia, and they imposed restrictions on movement that’ve persisted to this day. Guests David Arnold Alison Bashford Pratik Chakrabarti Martin French Projit Mukharji Tarangini Sriraman Resources Transcript References Share Episode Twitter Facebook WhatsApp  Sign up for updates   EMAIL Bonus Episodes Chatroom 10: Encounters with India’s Maneaters Jan 20, 2021We are increasingly sharing space with predators and wild animals. We learn how to co-exist from Nayanika Mathur Chatroom 8: A Disease Sleuth in Bangalore Dec 16, 2020We follow British scientist Ronald Ross as he stops a cholera outbreak in 1895 Bangalore. Chatroom 6: You’re being tracked – Pandemic capitalism Nov 18, 2020A public health vacuum left by governments over decades is being filled by tech companies, which have stepped up surveillance Chatroom 4: The water carriers of Calcutta, and other matters Oct 21, 2020Colonial cities lack proper water and sanitation — and sometimes employ water carriers. We speak to Pratik Chakrabarti Chatroom 2: When Plague Hit Bombay Sep 17, 2020An old draconian law from 1897, when plague hit Bombay, has been reinstated for Covid-19. Interview with historian Tarangini Sriraman Chatroom 1: Medicine at the Border Sep 2, 2020What should nations do, other than shut down borders, when a pandemic hits? We speak to historian Alison Bashford References About IHR. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/ihr/about/en/. Published October 4, 2017. Accessed July 13, 2020. Arnold D. Colonizing the Body: State Medicine and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-Century India. Berkeley: University of California Press; 2002. Arnold D. The Indian Ocean as a disease zone, 1500–1950.†. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. 1991;14(2):1-21. doi:10.1080/00856409108723152 Bynum W. F. (1993). Policing hearts of darkness: aspects of the international sanitary conferences. History and philosophy of the life sciences, 15(3), 421–434. Frerichs RR. John Snow and the Broad Street Pump: On the Trail of an Epidemic. https://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/snowcricketarticle.html. Published 2003. Accessed July 13, 2020. Harrison M. A Dreadful Scourge: Cholera in early nineteenth-century India. Modern Asian Studies. 2019;54(2):502-553. doi:10.1017/s0026749x17001032 Huber V. The Unification Of The Globe By Disease? The International Sanitary Conferences On Cholera, 1851–1894. The Historical Journal. 2006;49(2):453-476. doi:10.1017/s0018246x06005280 Low MC. Empire And The Hajj: Pilgrims, Plagues, And Pan-Islam Under British Surveillance, 1865–1908. International Journal of Middle East Studies. 2008;40(2). doi:10.1017/s0020743808080884 Mishra S. Pilgrimage, Politics,

Season 1 Trailer Visit Muziris, a port on the Malabar coast, described by ancient poets and captured in a trade document called the Muziris Papyrus. Then, hear the co-hosts describe Season 1. Resources Transcript  Share Trailer Twitter Facebook WhatsApp