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Jamie Wheal is an expert in peak performance and leadership, specializing in neuroanthropology - the intersection of culture, biology and psychology. He is the co-author of the global bestseller and Pulitzer Prize nominated book, Stealing Fire, and the founder of the Flow Genome Project, an international organization dedicated to the research and training of ultimate human performance. Since founding the organization in 2011, it has gone on to become a leading voice of evidence-based peak performance, counting award-winning academics, legendary professional athletes, special operations commanders, and Fortune 500 business leaders among the hundreds of thousands of people in its global community. ​On this podcast, Jamie discusses the “meaning crisis” that we’re suffering as a society, with fundamentalism and nihilism filling the vacuum. He offers a blunt and eye-opening perspective on where we are today as a culture, why it’s so hard to make sense of the world, and how our efforts to cope are likely making things worse. Jamie explains how best to bring about healing, inspiration, and connection, so we can wake up, grow up, and show up for a world that needs us all. Jamie’s upcoming book, Recapture the Rapture, is set to release on April 27, 2021. Here’s the outline of this interview with Jamie Wheal: [00:00:28] Book: Recapture the Rapture: Rethinking God, Sex, and Death in a World That's Lost Its Mind, by Jamie Wheal. [00:00:51] Book: Stealing Fire: How Silicon Valley, the Navy SEALs, and Maverick Scientists Are Revolutionizing the Way We Live and Work, by Steven Kotler and Jamie Wheal. [00:01:22] Jamie's journey: music, mushrooms, mountains, and marriage. [00:10:10] Narcissism in the spiritual marketplace. [00:13:57] A meaning crisis. [00:17:22] Book: Omens of the Millennium: The Gnosis of Angels, Dreams, and Resurrection, by Harold Bloom.  [00:24:01] Article: The Rise of Victimhood Culture by Conor Friedersdorf. [00:24:10] Book: Outliers: The Story of Success, by Malcolm Gladwell. [00:25:08] Books by Christopher Ryan: Civilized to Death and Sex at Dawn.  [00:34:37] Podcast: The Postmenopausal Longevity Paradox and the Evolutionary Advantage of Our Grandmothering Life History, with Kristen Hawkes. [00:40:32] Neuroanthropology + cultural architecture. [00:41:33] Nitric Oxide. [00:43:12] Neuroscientist Andrew Huberman.  [00:46:22] Healing, inspiration, and connection. [00:47:31] 5 forces: respiration, embodiment, sexuality, substances, music. [00:52:23] Book: Stranger in a Strange Land, by Robert Heinlein. [00:53:49] Dr. Nicole Prause. [00:56:10] Psychedelics. [01:08:02] The importance of self-organizing groups. [01:08:41] Where trauma and talent intersect. [01:11:36] Recapture the Rapture website. [01:12:27] Get the audible version of Recapture the Rapture. [01:12:50] Stay awake, build stuff, and help out.

My guest today is Julian Abel, MD, the Director of Compassionate Communities UK. Julian was on the show a couple of years ago to discuss his innovative model for combating social isolation in the town of Frome in Somerset, UK.  The goal of his project was to improve health outcomes and quality of life, and a measurable difference was made, in both healthcare cost savings and reduced ER admissions. The work of Compassionate Communities has since spurred further initiatives and is now transforming perspectives on matters of healthcare and social wellbeing around the world.  On this podcast Julian and I talk about the power of compassion, and how reason, emotion, and inspiration can help build connection and reduce loneliness. Julian shares how Compassionate Communities is growing as a social movement and talks about what each of us can do to make the world a kinder place. He also reveals plans for Compassionate Communities USA, set to launch in the next few months with a free and inclusive conference. Here’s the outline of this interview with Julian Abel: [00:00:16] Previous podcasts with Julian: 1. Building Compassionate Communities to Improve Public Health, and 2. Maintaining Social Connection in the Era of COVID-19. [00:03:21] Compassion. [00:05:28] Oxytocin is present throughout the animal kingdom. [00:06:00] Film: My Octopus Teacher (available on Netflix). [00:06:55] Book: Survival of the Friendliest: Understanding Our Origins and Rediscovering Our Common Humanity, by Brian Hare and Vanessa Woods. Podcast with Brian Hare: Survival of the Friendliest: Understanding Our Origins and Rediscovering Our Common Humanity. [00:07:07] Book: Humankind: A Hopeful History, by Rutger Bregman. [00:09:03] Julian's study: Abel, Julian, et al. "Reducing emergency hospital admissions: a population health complex intervention of an enhanced model of primary care and compassionate communities." British Journal of General Practice 68.676 (2018): e803-e810. [00:11:18] Julian’s Podcast: Survival of the Kindest.  [00:11:25] Julian’s interview with Holly Prince: Dancing in the Field of End of Life Care. [00:13:46] Compassionate Communities UK.  [00:15:50] Review on social relationships and mortality: Holt-Lunstad, Julianne, Timothy B. Smith, and J. Bradley Layton. "Social relationships and mortality risk: a meta-analytic review." PLoS medicine 7.7 (2010): e1000316. [00:17:16] Book: Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, by Yuval Noah Harari. [00:17:48] Book: Propaganda by Edward Bernays. [00:21:01] Julian's interview with Waleed Nesyif: It's Never Too Late for Compassion.  [00:22:28] Compassionate City Charter (and other tools). [00:23:41] How to get people to be more compassionate - reason, emotion, and inspiration. [00:23:52] James Maskell: podcast: The Community Cure: Transforming Health Outcomes Together, and book. [00:26:46] Steps an individual can take. [00:33:36] Podcasts: The Neurophysiology of Safety and How to Feel Safe. with Stephen Porges, PhD., and Oxytocin: More Than Just a “Love Hormone”, with Sue Carter, PhD. [00:33:57] The people you spend time with affect your health outcomes; Book: Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives, by Nicholas A. Christakis and James Fowler. [00:34:03] Article: Threats to causal inference in an increasingly connected world. [00:35:51] People who are fiercely independent or resistant. [00:39:57] Enhancing naturally-occurring networks. [00:42:10] Town planning. [00:44:23] Subsidiarity (skin in the game). [00:45:25] Compassionate Communities USA / Elevate Compassion (Coming Soon). [00:48:10] Julian's book: The Compassion Project: A case for hope and humankindness from the town that beat loneliness. [00:49:11] Resurgence & Ecologist Magazine article: Compassion is the best medicine, by Julian Abel and Lindsay Clarke. [00:49:15] Guardian Article: The town that’s found a potent cure for illness – community, by George Monbiot.

Jessica Fern is a psychotherapist, author, public speaker and trauma and relationship expert. She has worked with individuals, couples and people in multiple-partner relationships to overcome reactive communication patterns rooted in insecure attachment and trauma. She is the author of Polysecure, a book that focuses on creating emotionally intimate and securely attached relationships with multiple partners. On this podcast, Jessica talks about attachment theory, what it means to be securely attached, and how insecure attachment could be limiting your relationships. We discuss how to raise securely attached children and how to spot the different forms of insecure attachment. We also discuss polyamory and why the success of consensual non-monogamy hinges on the attachment status of the participants. Here’s the outline of this interview with Jessica Fern: [00:00:09] La Ecovilla, Costa Rica. [00:02:47] Down to Earth with Zac Efron: Episode 3: Costa Rica. [00:03:22] Early interest in psychology. [00:04:51] Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. [00:05:44] Attachment theory. [00:08:40] Achieving secure attachment: ARE (Available, Responsible, Engaged). [00:09:29] Daniel P. Brown; Quiz on attachment styles. [00:09:43] Expressed delight. [00:11:47] Book: Mothers and Others: The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding, by Sarah Blaffer Hrdy. [00:13:32] Book: Polysecure: Attachment, Trauma and Consensual Nonmonogamy, by Jessica Fern. [00:14:57] Attachment styles and adult relationships. [00:16:28] Insecure attachment styles. [00:19:39] Trauma. [00:23:32] Consensual non-monogamy. [00:23:59] Book: Sex at Dawn: How We Mate, Why We Stray, and What It Means for Modern Relationships, by Christopher Ryan; Podcast: Civilized to Death: Are We Really Making Progress? [00:28:16] Emotional and sexual exclusivity. [00:31:01] Compersion. [00:33:39] Justice jealousy. [00:37:08] Metamour relationships. [00:37:38] Polyamory structures. [00:44:51] HEARTS acronym for secure attachment. [00:48:31] Couples who argue (peacefully) are more likely to stay together; Study: Gottman, John Mordechai, and Robert Wayne Levenson. "The timing of divorce: Predicting when a couple will divorce over a 14‐year period." Journal of Marriage and Family 62.3 (2000): 737-745. [00:49:10] Dr. John Gottman. [00:49:42] Jessica’s website. [00:50:13] Podcast: The Neurophysiology of Safety and How to Feel Safe. with Stephen Porges, PhD. [00:50:15] Podcast: Oxytocin: More Than Just a “Love Hormone”, with Sue Carter, PhD.

More than 2,000 years ago, Hippocrates suggested all disease begins in the gut. He was mostly right, and we’ve talked about the gut many times on this podcast – in relation to athletic performance, optimising the gut microbiome, and even how to use probiotics. But a couple of weeks ago I realized that we’ve never talked specifically and in depth about exactly what to do when you have a gut problem. GI issues are where I started my health journey, and probably bring more clients through our doors than any other condition, and they can affect absolutely anyone - athlete or not. On this podcast, NBT Scientific Director Megan Hall and I are talking about the steps to take when your gut isn’t working right. We talk about how things tend to go awry in the first place, signs and symptoms that you have a gut problem, and the first things to try to get quick relief. Megan also discusses the most scientifically-validated lifestyle modifications, supplements, and lab tests to try, as well as the pros and cons of using antimicrobials. Be sure to follow along with Megan’s outline for this podcast.  Here’s the outline of this interview with Megan Hall: [00:00:58] How Megan fixed her gut. [00:05:26] Why you should care about gut health. [00:06:26] Podcasts with Dr. Malcolm Kendrick: 1. Why Cholesterol Levels Have No Effect on Cardiovascular Disease (And Things to Think about Instead) and 2. A Statin Nation: Damaging Millions in a Brave New Post-health World. [00:07:30] Signs and symptoms of gut problems. [00:10:00] How things go wrong. [00:10:02] Podcast: The Athlete’s Gut: Why Things Go Wrong and What to Do About It. [00:11:42] First line of defense interventions; Step 1 - Diet. [00:13:57] Autoimmune Protocol (AIP).  [00:15:16] AIP recipes by Micky Trescott and Louise Hendon.  [00:16:23] Low FODMAP diet lists: comprehensive list, simpler list, app. [00:18:08] Low histamine diet; Podcast: Understanding Histamine Intolerance: Symptoms, Causes and Treatments. [00:20:39] Carnivore diet. [00:21:33] Pegan diet. [00:22:12] Endotoxemia; Podcast: Postprandial Fatigue, Part II: Endotoxemia, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. [00:24:54] Elemental diets: Physicians Elemental Diet, Dr. Ruscio's Elemental Heal.  [00:27:26] Podcast with Jason Hawrelak, PhD: How to Use Probiotics to Improve Your Health. [00:29:03] Polyphenols and fiber. [00:30:38] Soluble vs insoluble fiber. [00:31:29] Other potential triggers: coffee and alcohol. [00:34:05] Eating in a parasympathetic state. [00:34:33] Physiological sigh. [00:35:32] Simon Marshall's stress audit; Podcast: How to Manage Stress. [00:36:15] Social connection and isolation. [00:36:45] Podcast with Julian Abel, MD: Building Compassionate Communities to Improve Public Health. [00:37:18] Proper chewing. [00:39:56] Food timing in relation to exercise and sleep. [00:41:16] Bidirectional relationship between gut microbiome and circadian rhythm; Study: Mashaqi, Saif, and David Gozal. "“Circadian misalignment and the gut microbiome. A bidirectional relationship triggering inflammation and metabolic disorders”-a literature review." Sleep medicine 72 (2020): 93-108. [00:41:43] Gut microbiome diversity is associated with better sleep; Study: Smith, Robert P., et al. "Gut microbiome diversity is associated with sleep physiology in humans." PLoS One 14.10 (2019): e0222394.  [00:43:15] Probiotics. [00:44:50] Visbiome/VSL #3; Study: Cheng, Fang-Shu, et al. "Probiotic mixture VSL# 3: An overview of basic and clinical studies in chronic diseases." World journal of clinical cases 8.8 (2020): 1361. [00:46:08] Florastor; Study: Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka, Karolina, et al. "Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745: A Non-bacterial Microorganism Used as Probiotic Agent in Supporting Treatment of Selected Diseases." Current Microbiology 77 (2020): 1987-1996. [00:46:55] Mutaflor; Study: Sonnenborn, Ulrich. "Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917—from bench to bedside and back: history of a special Escherichia coli strain with probiotic properties." FEMS Microbiology Letters 363.19 (2016). [00:47:45] L. rhamnosis GG (LGG). [00:49:06] Choosing a probiotic; Probiotic Advisor database. [00:50:59] Digestive enzymes, digestive bitters, and tea. [00:54:32] Other helpful supplements. [00:54:50] General gut healing. [00:55:25] Serum derived bovine immunoglobulins (SBIs); SBI Protect. [00:56:14] ProButyrate. [00:56:52] Megan's outline for this podcast.  [00:56:58] Article: Singh, Vishal, Beng San Yeoh, and Matam Vijay-Kumar. "Feed your gut with caution!." Translational cancer research 5.Suppl 3 (2016): S507. [00:58:28] Testing: GI-MAP, Genova GI-Effects, Doctor's Data, GutBio, Organic Acids Test (for yeast). [01:05:03] Food intolerance testing. [01:06:21] Blood chemistry: signs of gut trouble. [01:07:36] Podcast: How to Interpret Your White Blood Cell Count. [01:07:46] Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO): signs and symptoms, causes. [01:08:30] SIBO indicates dysbiosis rather than overgrowth; Study: Saffouri, George B., et al. "Small intestinal microbial dysbiosis underlies symptoms associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders." Nature communications 10.1 (2019): 1-11. [01:09:49] Pros and cons of using antimicrobials. [01:10:05] Pomegranate husk powder; Jason Hawrelak’s course; cheat sheet. [01:11:37] Bixa Pomegranate Peel Powder.  [01:13:45] Binders. [01:14:52] Dr. Josh Turknett's 4-quadrant model; Videos from his site. [01:16:51] Schedule a free 15-minute call with Megan or Clay.

My guest today is dating and confidence coach, Nick Notas. For more than twelve years he has helped men conquer their fears, build self-esteem, and develop meaningful relationships. In the age of Tinder, dating can be a challenge, and Nick offers tons of practical advice to help in that arena. One thing I really appreciate about him is his deeper focus on building confidence and communication skills, which can certainly help with dating, but surely transforms all significant relationships and social networks. On this podcast, Nick and I talk about considerations for modern-day dating. We discuss how lockdowns over the past year have affected the dating scene, and what’s likely to happen when restrictions are lifted. Nick shares some practical advice for using dating apps: how to make a good first impression, making that first message count, and giving compliments that don’t suck.  Here’s the outline of this interview with Nick Notas: [00:01:44] How Nick became a dating coach. [00:03:21] Choosing to work with men. [00:03:58] In-person retreats. [00:08:12] How dating has changed during lockdown. [00:09:47] The current state of online dating. [00:13:40] The importance of good photos and how to get them. [00:18:30] Dating apps: Tinder, Bumble, Hinge.  [00:20:40] Generational differences in dating. [00:21:04] Generation Z is having the least sex; Study: Ueda, Peter, et al. "Trends in frequency of sexual activity and number of sexual partners among adults aged 18 to 44 years in the US, 2000-2018." JAMA network open 3.6 (2020): e203833-e203833.  [00:24:04] Mindset factors. [00:24:17] Brad Stulberg; Book: Passion Paradox; Podcast The Passion Paradox: A Guide to Going All In, Finding Success, and Discovering the Benefits of an Unbalanced Life; NBT Podcast with Brad: How to Harness Productive Passion and Avoid Burnout. [00:25:02] Satisfaction within arranged marriage: Epstein, Robert, Mayuri Pandit, and Mansi Thakar. "How love emerges in arranged marriages: Two cross-cultural studies." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 44.3 (2013): 341-360. [00:27:47] Creating opportunity to find connections. [00:31:25] Podcast: How to Think Yourself Younger, Healthier, and Faster, with Ellen Langer, PhD.   [00:33:31] Article: How to Write a Good First Message in Online Dating.  [00:39:25] How to give compliments that don't suck. [00:42:32] Reconnected Dating on YouTube; Dating 101.

Stephen Patterson, PhD is an Associate Professor in Applied Exercise Physiology & Performance and the director of the Centre for Applied Performance Sciences at St. Mary’s University in London. Stephen has published more than 60 scientific research papers investigating strategies to improve performance in clinical groups and elite athletes, with a focus on the adaptation and response to exercise. He is currently investigating the use of blood flow restriction and ischemic preconditioning before and during exercise. On this podcast, Stephen discusses blood flow restriction (BFR) training, including what it is, how it works, and who can benefit from it.  He shares the importance of using cuffs and properly measuring the pressure they apply, as well as things to look for when purchasing a set. He also shares some conclusions drawn from recent BFR research, including the optimal number of reps, effects of BFR on bone and tendons, and the most important factor when aiming for muscle hypertrophy. Here’s the outline of this interview with Stephen Patterson: [00:00:24] Stephen's background and interest in exercise physiology. [00:01:45] Blood flow restriction (BFR) training. [00:02:45] Questions from Eric Helms, Mike T Nelson, and Greg Potter. [00:03:16] Effects of BFR on athletic performance. [00:05:32] BFR with aerobic exercise (cycling); Study: Christiansen, Danny, et al. "Cycling with blood flow restriction improves performance and muscle K+ regulation and alters the effect of anti‐oxidant infusion in humans." The Journal of physiology 597.9 (2019): 2421-2444. [00:06:32] Why use BFR. [00:07:54] The value of using cuffs. [00:08:44] Use of BFR by practitioners; Study: Patterson, Stephen D., and Christopher R. Brandner. "The role of blood flow restriction training for applied practitioners: A questionnaire-based survey." Journal of sports sciences 36.2 (2018): 123-130. [00:09:37] Jeremy Loenneke; Studies using elastic knee wraps: Loenneke, Jeremy P., et al. "The acute response of practical occlusion in the knee extensors." The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 24.10 (2010): 2831-2834, Loenneke, Jeremy P., et al. "Blood flow–restricted walking does not result in an accumulation of metabolites." Clinical physiology and functional imaging 32.1 (2012): 80-82. [00:11:58] Delfi's Personalized Tourniquet System for Blood Flow Restriction. [00:12:56] What to look for when purchasing a BFR system. [00:13:03] B Strong; Podcast with Jim Stray-Gundersen MD: Blood Flow Restriction Training for Improved Strength, Performance, and Healthspan. [00:20:58] Aerobic exercise and BFR; Study: Ferguson, Richard A., et al. "Blood‐flow‐restricted exercise: Strategies for enhancing muscle adaptation and performance in the endurance‐trained athlete." Experimental Physiology (2021). [00:23:08] Protocol for hypertrophy. [00:23:55] 75 reps is often a recommended volume; more is not better. [00:28:17] Releasing the cuffs between exercises. [00:28:42] Potential effects on endothelium; Study: Credeur, Daniel P., Brandon C. Hollis, and Michael A. Welsch. "Effects of handgrip training with venous restriction on brachial artery vasodilation." Medicine and science in sports and exercise 42.7 (2010): 1296. [00:30:19] BFR compared to other forms of training. [00:30:47] Lifting to failure more important that amount of weight lifted; Study: Burd, Nicholas A., et al. "Bigger weights may not beget bigger muscles: evidence from acute muscle protein synthetic responses after resistance exercise." Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism 37.3 (2012): 551-554. [00:32:55] Effects on bone density. [00:34:49] Japanese study in 2006 found no effect on tendon thickness: Abe, T., et al. "Muscle, tendon, and somatotropin responses to the restriction of muscle blood flow induced by KAATSU‐walk training." Equine Veterinary Journal 38.S36 (2006): 345-348. [00:34:58] Recent German study showed positive effects on tendon stiffness: Centner, Christoph, et al. "Low-load blood flow restriction training induces similar morphological and mechanical Achilles tendon adaptations compared with high-load resistance training." Journal of Applied Physiology 127.6 (2019): 1660-1667. [00:35:16] Case studies demonstrating structural tendon improvements: Skovlund, Sebastian V., et al. "The effect of low‐load resistance training with blood flow restriction on chronic patellar tendinopathy—A case series." Translational Sports Medicine 3.4 (2020): 342-352. [00:36:09] Combining BFR with ischemic preconditioning. [00:41:36] Motor unit recruitment. [00:42:53] Further research coming up. [00:44:50] Effects on cognitive function. [00:45:45] David Raichlen podcast: Wired to Run: Why Your Brain Needs Exercise. [00:46:18] St. Mary’s University MSc program in Strength and Conditioning. [00:47:13] Stephen's recent review: Patterson, Stephen D., et al. "Blood flow restriction exercise: considerations of methodology, application, and safety." Frontiers in physiology 10 (2019): 533. [00:47:22] Find Stephen on Twitter.

Herman Pontzer, PhD is an author and Associate Professor of Evolutionary Anthropology at Duke University. Through lab and field research, he investigates the physiology of humans and apes to understand how ecology, lifestyle, diet, and evolutionary history affect metabolism and health. In his new book, Burn, he reveals how human metabolism really works, based on his studies of energy expenditure in modern-day hunter-gatherers. On this podcast, Herman and I discuss his groundbreaking research showing the effects of exercise on human metabolism, and their implications for obesity and disease prevention. He describes the astonishing results that emerged when directly measuring the metabolism of Tanzania’s highly active and healthy Hadza people while engaged in their daily activities. The conclusions he draws shed light on what people really need to do to lose weight and keep it off (and it’s not low-carb). Here’s the outline of this interview with Herman Pontzer: [00:00:35] Herman's background and interest in evolutionary anthropology. [00:02:38] Dan Lieberman. [00:03:09] Energy expenditure. [00:03:58] Working with the Hadza people of Tanzania. [00:06:24] Hadza researchers: Brian Wood, Frank Marlowe, and David Raichlen. Podcast with David Raichlen: Wired to Run: Why Your Brain Needs Exercise. [00:07:07] Paper: Pontzer, H., B. M. Wood, and David A. Raichlen. "Hunter‐gatherers as models in public health." Obesity Reviews 19 (2018): 24-35. [00:08:15] Paper: Eaton, S. Boyd, Melvin Konner, and Marjorie Shostak. "Stone agers in the fast lane: chronic degenerative diseases in evolutionary perspective." The American journal of medicine 84.4 (1988): 739-749. [00:08:47] What changed in modern culture. [00:09:52] Wearable GPS devices on Hadza men and women. [00:12:23] Video: The Intense 8 Hour Hunt, from David Attenborough’s Life of Mammals. [00:16:32] How the Hadza think and feel. [00:21:16] Book: Burn: New Research Blows the Lid Off How We Really Burn Calories, Lose Weight, and Stay Healthy, by Herman Pontzer, PhD. [00:24:35] The body adapts to the lifestyle. [00:25:03] Constrained energy expenditure model. [00:26:18] A fixed energy budget. [00:29:08] Overtraining syndrome; Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDS) and why eating more isn't the answer. [00:31:23] Race Across the USA study: Thurber, Caitlin, et al. "Extreme events reveal an alimentary limit on sustained maximal human energy expenditure." Science advances 5.6 (2019): eaaw0341. [00:37:00] Implications for obesity. [00:37:59] Researcher Kevin D. Hall, PhD. [00:41:25] Richard D. Feinman, PhD; Podcast: A Guide to Flawed Studies with Richard Feinman. [00:43:48] How to lose weight: cut calories without being miserable. [00:44:33] Why gastric bypass surgery works. [00:45:42] Podcast: The Hungry Brain with Stephan Guyenet, PhD. [00:47:50] Robb Wolf book: Wired to Eat: Turn Off Cravings, Rewire Your Appetite for Weight Loss, and Determine the Foods That Work for You; Podcast: Wired to Eat with Robb Wolf. [00:48:07] Book: The Hungry Brain: Outsmarting the Instincts That Make Us Overeat, by Stephan Guyenet, PhD. [00:50:31] Bodybuilding; Podcast: The Nutrition and Science of Natural Bodybuilding, with Eric Helms. [00:54:40] Exercise to keep weight off. [01:01:25] Where to find Herman: Pontzer Lab at Duke; Twitter. [01:01:55] hadzafund.org [01:02:23] Curiositystream documentary on the Hadza: Growing Up Hadza.

It would be hard to find any health practitioner - traditional, functional, or otherwise - who doesn’t acknowledge the importance of consuming omega-3 fatty acids. Supplements in the form of fish oil or krill oil are widely recommended and consumed, and come with claims of cardiovascular disease prevention, cognitive benefits, and anti-inflammatory properties. But is it really a good idea to get your omega-3s in a gel cap rather than from food? And do they really do everything the media would have you believe? On this podcast, NBT Scientific Director Megan Hall and I discuss omega-3 fatty acids: what they are, what they’re good for, and the best ways to get them. Megan outlines the different types of omega-3 and explains why some are better than others. She also explains why some health claims are overblown, and why buying fish oil supplements may not be the best health strategy. Be sure to follow along with Megan’s outline for this podcast.  Here’s the outline of this interview with Megan Hall: [00:04:30] Blood flow restriction (BFR) training; Podcast: Blood Flow Restriction Training for Improved Strength, Performance, and Healthspan with Dr Jim Stray-Gundersen MD. [00:04:51] Podcast: Wired to Run: Why Your Brain Needs Exercise, David Raichlen. [00:05:41] What are omega-3 fatty acids? [00:06:31] Picture of omega-3 fatty acids. [00:08:40] Finding omega-3s in the diet; Review: Saini, Ramesh Kumar, and Young-Soo Keum. "Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Dietary sources, metabolism, and significance—A review." Life sciences 203 (2018): 255-267. [00:09:16] Poor conversion from ALA to EPA/DHA: Gerster, Helga. "Can adults adequately convert a-linolenic acid (18: 3n-3) to eicosapentaenoic acid (20: 5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6n-3)?." International journal for vitamin and nutrition research 68.3 (1998): 159-173. [00:10:56] Why EPA and DHA are important. [00:11:38] Conditions associated with inadequate omega-3 intake. [00:12:02] Whole foods vs. supplements; other micronutrients. [00:12:42] Krill oil vs. fish oil; Studies: 1. Ulven, Stine M., et al. "Metabolic effects of krill oil are essentially similar to those of fish oil but at lower dose of EPA and DHA, in healthy volunteers." Lipids 46.1 (2011): 37-46. 2. Schuchardt, Jan Philipp, et al. "Incorporation of EPA and DHA into plasma phospholipids in response to different omega-3 fatty acid formulations-a comparative bioavailability study of fish oil vs. krill oil." Lipids in health and disease 10.1 (2011): 1-7. 3. Maki, Kevin C., et al. "Krill oil supplementation increases plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in overweight and obese men and women." Nutrition research 29.9 (2009): 609-615. 4. Mödinger, Yvonne, et al. "Plasma kinetics of choline and choline metabolites after a single dose of SuperbaBoostTM krill oil or choline bitartrate in healthy volunteers." Nutrients 11.10 (2019): 2548. [00:16:59] Megan's outline for this podcast. [00:18:21] Algae-based omega-3 supplements. [00:19:40] Omega 6:3 ratio; Paper: Simopoulos, Artemis P. "The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids." Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy 56.8 (2002): 365-379. [00:25:54] Should we be supplementing with grams of fish oil? Studies: 1. De Magalhães, João Pedro, et al. "Fish oil supplements, longevity and aging." Aging (Albany NY) 8.8 (2016): 1578. 2. Strong, Randy, et al. "Longer lifespan in male mice treated with a weakly estrogenic agonist, an antioxidant, an α‐glucosidase inhibitor or a Nrf2‐inducer." Aging cell 15.5 (2016): 872-884. 3. López-Domínguez, José A., et al. "The influence of dietary fat source on life span in calorie restricted mice." Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences 70.10 (2015): 1181-1188. [00:27:42] No support for omega-3 (fish oil) in the prevention of cardiovascular disease; Meta-analysis: Aung, Theingi, et al. "Associations of omega-3 fatty acid supplement use with cardiovascular disease risks: meta-analysis of 10 trials involving 77 917 individuals." JAMA cardiology 3.3 (2018): 225-233. [00:29:12] Signs you're supplementing too much fish oil. [00:30:26] Podcast: How Oxidative Stress Impacts Performance and Healthspan [00:30:43] Elevated blood glucose omega-3 supplementation; Study: Friday, Karen E., et al. "Elevated plasma glucose and lowered triglyceride levels from omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in type II diabetes." Diabetes care 12.4 (1989): 276-281. [00:31:01] Immunosuppressive effects of supplementing omega-3s: Fenton, Jenifer I., et al. "Immunomodulation by dietary long chain omega-3 fatty acids and the potential for adverse health outcomes." Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 89.6 (2013): 379-390. [00:34:17] Stages of life when omega-3s are especially important. [00:34:48] Specialized pro-resolving mediators; STEM Talk podcast episode: David LeMay Talks About Countering Inflammation with SPMS. [00:35:31] DHA to mitigate traumatic brain injury; Study: Bailes, Julian E., and Vimal Patel. "The potential for DHA to mitigate mild traumatic brain injury." Military medicine 179.suppl_11 (2014): 112-116. [00:35:45] DHA for cognitive function and aging; Study: Weiser, Michael J., Christopher M. Butt, and M. Hasan Mohajeri. "Docosahexaenoic acid and cognition throughout the lifespan." Nutrients 8.2 (2016): 99. [00:37:20] omega-3s for athletic performance; Review: Gammone, Maria Alessandra, et al. "Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: benefits and endpoints in sport." Nutrients 11.1 (2019): 46. [00:38:54] omega-3s during pregnancy; Studies: Greenberg, James A., Stacey J. Bell, and Wendy Van Ausdal. "Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy." Reviews in obstetrics and Gynecology 1.4 (2008): 162; 2. Braarud, Hanne Cecilie, et al. "Maternal DHA status during pregnancy has a positive impact on infant problem solving: a Norwegian prospective observation study." Nutrients 10.5 (2018): 529. [00:39:44] Excess omega-3 consumption during pregnancy could be detrimental to offspring; Study: Church, M. W., et al. "Excess omega-3 fatty acid consumption by mothers during pregnancy and lactation caused shorter life span and abnormal ABRs in old adult offspring." Neurotoxicology and teratology 32.2 (2010): 171-181. [00:40:12] Testing: The Omega Index test; Framingham Heart Study: Harris, William S., et al. "Erythrocyte long-chain omega-3 fatty acid levels are inversely associated with mortality and with incident cardiovascular disease: The Framingham Heart Study." Journal of clinical lipidology 12.3 (2018): 718-727. [00:42:34] Bottom line: More may not be better. [00:43:09] SMASH fish - sardines, mackerel, anchovies, salmon, herring (also black cod), 3-4x/week. [00:49:30] Schedule a free 15 min call with Megan.

It’s been about five years since Advanced Biomechanics Coach Nigel McHollan last joined me on the podcast to talk about bike fit. Certified as a Primal Health Coach, a SOMA Breath Work Meditation Instructor, and Level 4 Strength and Conditioning Coach, Nigel has since developed and deepened his health and wellness practice. Also with us today is Certified Health Coach and SOMA Breathwork Instructor, Kara Lynn Kelly. On this podcast, Nigel and Kara discuss breathwork and it’s many benefits including stress relief and improved overall health, as well as altered states of consciousness. We compare some of the different types of breathwork to choose from, and also look at some of the beneficial aspects of nasal breathing - yes, even during exercise and sport. Kara also guides us through a short breathwork session right here on the podcast so you can get a sense of it’s calming and centring effects. See how you feel after just a 10-minute session! I’m excited to announce that Nourish Balance Thrive has partnered with Nigel and Kara to offer a live eight-week Energised Meditation breathwork group program beginning March 4, 2021. Click here to sign up. Here’s the outline of this interview with Nigel McHollan and Kara Kelly: [00:00:11] Nigel’s previous appearance on the podcast: Bike fit done right with Nigel McHollan. [00:00:47] Book: Back mechanic by Stuart McGill. [00:01:08] Stuart McGill on STEM Talk and interviewed by Greg Potter. [00:05:00] Soma breathwork. [00:06:15] Kelly's introduction to breathwork. [00:09:27] Influence of CO2 on the Default mode network (DMN). Study: Xu, Feng, et al. "The influence of carbon dioxide on brain activity and metabolism in conscious humans." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 31.1 (2011): 58-67. [00:10:15] Anatomy of a breathwork session. [00:12:30] Biochemistry behind breathwork experiences. [00:15:12] Comparing different breathwork techniques. [00:17:42] Setting of intentions. [00:17:53] Stanislav Grav: Holotropic breathwork. [00:18:09] Podcast: How to Fix Your Breathing to Improve Your Health, with James Nestor. Book: Breath: The New Science of a Lost Art, by James Nestor. [00:18:15] Book: The Immortality Key: The Secret History of the Religion with No Name, by Brian C. Muraresku. [00:18:53] Pranayama vs. Soma; Article: What Is Breathwork? Explanation Of Different Breathing Techniques Vs. Pranayama. [00:19:19] Niraj Naik, founder of Soma. [00:20:10] Progressive Muscle Relaxation [00:20:54] Books by Yogani: Deep Meditation - Pathway to Personal Freedom and Spinal Breathing Pranayama - Journey to Inner Space. [00:24:44] Joe Dispenza. [00:25:13] Field Coherence. [00:26:40] Muscular Bonding. [00:29:54] Book: The story of the human body by Daniel Lieberman. [00:30:59] Podcast: Wired to Run: Why Your Brain Needs Exercise, with David Raichlen, PhD. [00:34:15] Mouth taping. [00:34:47] Dr. Phil Maffetone. [00:35:07] Patrick McKeown on nasal breathing. Book: The Oxygen Advantage: The simple, scientifically proven breathing technique that will revolutionise your health and fitness, by Patrick McKeown. [00:36:04] Bohr effect. [00:37:37] Sweet Beat App. [00:39:15] Elite HRV; CorSense. [00:40:00] Sample breathwork session. [00:53:22] Do a breath retention time test first thing in the AM. [00:55:04] Sign up for the 8-week Energised Meditation group program. [00:55:17] Find Kara on Facebook; Find Nigel on Facebook/Messenger; Nigel’s website.  

There’s no doubt this is a time of uncertainty. COVID-19 has changed the way most of us live, and it’s not clear when or if we’ll be able to resume the activities we took for granted just a year ago. Rather than waiting for the government to figure it all out, our best defence against infectious disease is optimising metabolic health and immune function. For that, sleep is arguably the keystone behaviour. Today I’m joined again by our resident sleep expert, Greg Potter, PhD to talk about the effects of sleep on the immune system. Greg explains how poor sleep and sleep disorders profoundly impact the body’s ability to combat infections, including the common cold, pneumonia, and COVID-19. He also discusses the importance of getting enough sleep in the days leading up to vaccination and offers pandemic-specific tips for better sleep. Here’s the outline of this interview with Greg Potter: [00:02:01] Resilient Nutrition; Long Range Fuel. [00:07:05] Changes in sleep since COVID. [00:08:50] COVID dreams. [00:11:19] Changes in sleep timing and patterns. [00:11:45] Effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on sleep and activity; Study: Blume, Christine, Marlene H. Schmidt, and Christian Cajochen. "Effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on human sleep and rest-activity rhythms." Current Biology 30.14 (2020): R795-R797. [00:12:34] Changes in sleep behaviors amongst university students; Study: Wright Jr, Kenneth P., et al. "Sleep in university students prior to and during COVID-19 stay-at-home orders." Current Biology 30.14 (2020): R797-R798. [00:13:17] Sleep disorders; insomnia. [00:13:36] Greg’s previous podcasts on entraining circadian rhythm: How to Entrain Your Circadian Rhythm for Perfect Sleep and Metabolic Health and time cues: Morning Larks and Night Owls: the Biology of Chronotypes [00:14:15] Sleep apnea. [00:15:23] Sleep apnea associated with increased mortality due to COVID-19; Study: McSharry, David, Michael T. Lam, and Atul Malhotra. "OSA as a probable risk factor for severe COVID-19." Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 16.9 (2020): 1649-1649. [00:16:11] Sleep apnea treatment; continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). [00:21:13] How the immune system works. [00:24:50] TNF-alpha blockers improve sleep in rheumatoid arthritis; Detert, Jacqueline, et al. "Effects of treatment with etanercept versus methotrexate on sleep quality, fatigue and selected immune parameters in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis." Clin Exp Rheumatol 34.5 (2016): 848-856. [00:32:23] Cytokine storms. [00:33:38] Mice more susceptible to infection administered during sleep hours; Study: Lundy, Stephanie R., et al. "Effect of time of day of infection on Chlamydia infectivity and pathogenesis." Scientific reports 9.1 (2019): 1-12. [00:34:37] Better response to BCG vaccine when administered in the morning; Study: de Bree, L. Charlotte J., et al. "Circadian rhythm influences induction of trained immunity by BCG vaccination." The Journal of clinical investigation 130.10 (2020): 5603-5617. [00:35:19] Different dimensions of sleep: SATED - satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, duration. [00:37:58] Associations between sleep and chronic disease. [00:39:20] People who report short sleep are at higher risk of metabolic syndrome; Meta analyses: 1. Xi, Bo, et al. "Short sleep duration predicts risk of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Sleep medicine reviews 18.4 (2014): 293-297; 2. Iftikhar, Imran H., et al. "Sleep duration and metabolic syndrome. An updated dose–risk metaanalysis." Annals of the American Thoracic Society 12.9 (2015): 1364-1372; 3. Lian, Ying, et al. "Association between sleep quality and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Psychiatry research 274 (2019): 66-74. [00:40:02] Sleep disturbance as a risk factor for type-2 diabetes; Meta analysis: Wang, Fei, et al. "Sleep duration and patterns in Chinese patients with diabetes: A meta‐analysis of comparative studies and epidemiological surveys." Perspectives in psychiatric care 55.2 (2019): 344-353. [00:41:04] The brain’s glymphatic system; Maiken Nedergaard, MD. [00:41:53] Study: Fultz, Nina E., et al. "Coupled electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and cerebrospinal fluid oscillations in human sleep." Science 366.6465 (2019): 628-631. [00:43:45] Obstructive sleep apnea - 40% higher risk of developing cancer. [00:46:27] Research on sleep deprivation in dogs; Study: Bentivoglio, Marina, and Gigliola Grassi-Zucconi. "The pioneering experimental studies on sleep deprivation." Sleep 20.7 (1997): 570-576. [00:47:01] Sleep deprivation research with rats; Study: Rechtschaffen, Allan, et al. "Sleep deprivation in the rat: I. Conceptual issues." Sleep 12.1 (1989): 1-4. [00:47:33] Sleep restriction research on fruit flies; Study: Geissmann, Quentin, Esteban J. Beckwith, and Giorgio F. Gilestro. "Most sleep does not serve a vital function: Evidence from Drosophila melanogaster." Science advances 5.2 (2019): eaau9253. [00:48:23] Sleep deprivation leads to ROS accumulation in the fly and mouse gut; Study: Vaccaro, Alexandra, et al. "Sleep loss can cause death through accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the gut." Cell 181.6 (2020): 1307-1328. [00:50:25] Effects of circadian disruption on risk of dying in mice: Davidson, A. J., et al. "Chronic jet-lag increases mortality in aged mice." Current biology 16.21 (2006): R914-R916. Likely due to immune disruption; Study: Stowie, Adam, et al. "A reductionist, in vitro model of environmental circadian disruption demonstrates SCN-independent and tissue-specific dysregulation of inflammatory responses." Plos one 14.5 (2019): e0217368. [00:51:20] Sleep deprivation associated with DNA damage; Study: Carroll, Judith E., et al. "Partial sleep deprivation activates the DNA damage response (DDR) and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in aged adult humans." Brain, behavior, and immunity 51 (2016): 223-229. [00:52:50] Poor sleep increases pneumonia risk; Study: Patel, Sanjay R., et al. "A prospective study of sleep duration and pneumonia risk in women." Sleep 35.1 (2012): 97-101. [00:53:55] Sleep habits and susceptibility to colds; Study: Prather, Aric A., and Cindy W. Leung. "Association of insufficient sleep with respiratory infection among adults in the United States." JAMA internal medicine 176.6 (2016): 850-852. [00:54:26] Swedish study finds no relationship between sleep and cold susceptibility: Ghilotti, Francesca, et al. "Physical activity, sleep and risk of respiratory infections: A Swedish cohort study." PloS one 13.1 (2018): e0190270. [00:54:47] Sleeping less associated with increased susceptibility to cold virus; Study: Cohen, Sheldon, et al. "Sleep habits and susceptibility to the common cold." Archives of internal medicine 169.1 (2009): 62-67. [00:55:47] Sleep (assessed with wrist devices) and susceptibility to the common cold; Study: Prather, Aric A., et al. "Behaviorally assessed sleep and susceptibility to the common cold." Sleep 38.9 (2015): 1353-1359. [00:56:13] Timing of physical activity and sleep and COVID-19 risk; Study: Rowlands AV, Kloecker DE, Chudasama Y, et al. “Association of Timing and Balance of Physical Activity and Rest/Sleep With Risk of COVID-19: A UK Biobank Study.” Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2020. [00:57:45] COVID-19 risk higher for shift workers; Study: Rizza, S., et al. "High body mass index and night shift work are associated with COVID-19 in health care workers." Journal of Endocrinological Investigation (2020): 1-5. [00:58:37] Worse sleep in hospital associated with increased need for ICU (COVID-19); Study: Zhang, Jiancheng, et al. "Poor-sleep is associated with slow recovery from lymphopenia and an increased need for ICU care in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study." Brain, behavior, and immunity 88 (2020): 50-58. [00:59:05] Accuracy of sleep monitoring devices.  [01:01:02] Sleep and response to vaccination. [01:01:40] Antibody response to vaccination reduced with sleep deprivation; Study: Spiegel, Karine, John F. Sheridan, and Eve Van Cauter. "Effect of sleep deprivation on response to immunization." Jama 288.12 (2002): 1471-1472. [01:02:31] Sleep-deprived men have lower antibody levels 5 days after H1N1 vaccine: Benedict, Christian, et al. "Acute sleep deprivation has no lasting effects on the human antibody titer response following a novel influenza A H1N1 virus vaccination." BMC immunology 13.1 (2012): 1-5. [01:03:01] Sleep enhances antibody response to vaccination; Studies: 1. Lange, Tanja, et al. "Sleep enhances the human antibody response to hepatitis A vaccination." Psychosomatic medicine 65.5 (2003): 831-835; 2. Lange, Tanja, et al. "Sleep after vaccination boosts immunological memory." The Journal of Immunology 187.1 (2011): 283-290. [01:03:37] Less sleep associated with worse antibody production after Hep-B vaccine; Study: Prather, Aric A., et al. "Sleep and antibody response to hepatitis B vaccination." Sleep 35.8 (2012): 1063-1069. [01:04:54] Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine reduce transmission of COVID-19; Study: Voysey, Merryn, et al. "Single dose administration, and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine." (2021). [01:06:33] Syndemic, rather than pandemic; Article: Horton, Richard. "Offline: COVID-19 is not a pandemic." Lancet (London, England) 396.10255 (2020): 874. [01:07:04] CDC: Narcolepsy Following 2009 Pandemrix Influenza Vaccination in Europe. [01:10:48] Article (11/26/20): Peter Doshi: Pfizer and Moderna’s “95% effective” vaccines—let’s be cautious and first see the full data; Follow up article (1/4/21): Peter Doshi: Pfizer and Moderna’s “95% effective” vaccines—we need more details and the raw data. [01:11:12] Paul Offit, MD on Peter Attia's podcast. [01:12:14] Pandemic-specific tips to sleep better. [01:12:25] Sleep apnea - STOP-Bang questionnaire; Meta-analysis: Chen, Lina, et al. "Validation of the STOP-Bang questionnaire for screening of obstructive sleep apnea in the general population and commercial drivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Sleep and Breathing (2021): 1-11. [01:15:03] Worsened sleep quality - what to do. [01:15:58] CBT-Insomnia therapy (CBTI) reduces C-reactive protein (CRP) levels; Study: Irwin, Michael R., et al. "Cognitive behavioral therapy and tai chi reverse cellular and genomic markers of inflammation in late-life insomnia: a randomized controlled trial." Biological psychiatry 78.10 (2015): 721-729. [01:16:24] Stimulus control. [01:17:53] Screen time; More smart phone use associated with worse sleep and mood problems; Study: Demirci, Kadir, Mehmet Akgönül, and Abdullah Akpinar. "Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students." Journal of behavioral addictions 4.2 (2015): 85-92. [01:18:37] Avoiding phone use 30 minutes before bed leads to better sleep, mood, and memory; Study: He, Jing-wen, et al. "Effect of restricting bedtime mobile phone use on sleep, arousal, mood, and working memory: A randomized pilot trial." PloS one 15.2 (2020): e0228756. [01:19:03] Problem-based coping strategies; scheduled worry time. [01:20:32] Boosting your slow-wave sleep. [01:20:53] Hot shower before bed helps with falling asleep faster; Study: Haghayegh, Shahab, et al. "Before-bedtime passive body heating by warm shower or bath to improve sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Sleep medicine reviews 46 (2019): 124-135. [01:21:24] Lucid dreaming training. [01:22:00] Managing insomnia using lucid dreaming; Study: Ellis, Jason G., Joseph De Koninck, and Celyne H. Bastien. "Managing Insomnia Using Lucid Dreaming Training: A Pilot Study." Behavioral sleep medicine (2020): 1-11. [01:25:30] Napping. [01:26:48] How to get better sleep in a noisy environment (e.g., a hospital). [01:27:39] Melatonin supplementation. [01:29:18] Strava 2020 Year in Sport report. [01:29:43] David Nieman’s J-shaped model of relationship between varying amounts of exercise and risk of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI); Nieman, David C. "Risk of upper respiratory tract infection in athletes: an epidemiologic and immunologic perspective." Journal of athletic training 32.4 (1997): 344. [01:30:39] Podcast: How to Use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia, with Ashley Mason, PhD. [01:30:48] Greg's articles on optimising sleep: 1. Having trouble sleeping? A primer on insomnia and how to sleep better 2. Sleep-maintenance insomnia: how to sleep through the night 3. Sleep-onset insomnia: how to get to sleep fast. [01:31:32] Where to find Greg: Instagram; Greg’s website, Resilient Nutrition, ebook on the Principles of Resilient Nutrition; Blog post: How to Fuel for an Ultramarathon: The Ultimate Guide.

Paul Laursen, PhD is an athlete, author, endurance coach, high-performance consultant and entrepreneur. He’s published over 125 peer-reviewed papers in exercise and sports science journals, and his work has been cited more than 8,000 times. We’ve had Paul on the podcast before to talk about High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), as described in his book and brought to life in his online course.  On this podcast, Paul describes how he’s taken HIIT training to a new level by creating the Athletica software, to help athletes train smarter, not harder. Using the principles in his book, this software can adapt a plan based on your current fitness levels, goals, training sessions and life. As an athlete and software developer, I couldn’t resist asking Paul some tough questions about how it all works. Here’s the outline of this interview with Paul Laursen: [00:02:56] Paul's previous podcasts: Why Do and How to High Intensity Interval Training and Science and Application of High Intensity Interval Training. [00:03:08] Paul’s Book: Science and Application of High-Intensity Interval Training: Solutions to the Programming Puzzle and video training course. [00:03:22] High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) - periods of exercise in your red zone. [00:04:25] Why to do HIIT. [00:05:41] Book:  Fast After 50: How to Race Strong for the Rest of Your Life, by Joe Friel. [00:06:21] STEM Talk Podcast: Episode 116: Marcas Bamman on the many benefits of exercise and strength training. [00:07:58] David Raichlen podcast: Wired to Run: Why Your Brain Needs Exercise. [00:09:18] Athletica.ai. [00:21:33] The role of the human coaching relationship. [00:24:40] Figuring subjective experience into recommended training; Sentiment analysis. [00:28:41] Integrating software. [00:30:24] Strava 2020 Year in Sport report. [00:31:42] Garmin ecosystem; Garmin Connect. [00:35:04] Oura ring; HRV4Training app. [00:41:13] Book: The Best Interface is No Interface, by Golden Krishna. [00:41:54] Sports serviced by the software. [00:47:14] HIIT science website. [00:48:05] Ambassador program.

Over time we’ve seen an increasing number of clients come to us with symptoms of histamine intolerance, including seasonal allergies, headaches, skin issues and digestive problems. And although doctors would likely treat these as separate conditions, we believe common root causes are certainly at play. We’ve learned that histamine problems often originate in the gut, but environmental and lifestyle factors can definitely make them worse. On this podcast, NBT Scientific Director and coach Megan Hall and I discuss histamine intolerance, including causes, symptoms, and potential treatments. We talk about why this condition is difficult to diagnose, and some of the signs that suggest your “histamine bucket” is overflowing. Megan describes the best options for fixing the problem at the source, including diet, supplements, and environmental changes. Be sure to see the show notes to get the outline Megan wrote to prepare for this podcast. It’s an excellent resource for anyone who has seasonal allergies or suspects they may have histamine intolerance. Here’s the outline of this interview with Megan Hall: [00:01:10] Chris's history with histamine. [00:03:32] Methylation. [00:03:59] What is histamine? [00:05:55] Symptoms of histamine intolerance. [00:07:21] Causes of histamine intolerance. [00:08:19] Enzymes that break down histamine. [00:09:41] Outline for this podcast. [00:11:04] Lucy Mailing, PhD.; Podcasts: How to Optimise Your Gut Microbiome and Microbiome Myths and Misconceptions. [00:11:16] Lucy Mailing’s blog post: The oxygen-gut dysbiosis connection; Study: Schink, M., et al. "Microbial patterns in patients with histamine intolerance." J Physiol Pharmacol 69.4 (2018): 579-93. [00:12:11] Effects of stress. [00:13:49] The Coping Resilience and Mental Toughness Workshop with Simon Marshall, PhD and triathlete Lesley Paterson. [00:14:05] Estrogen excess. [00:15:59] Book: The Story of the Human Body: Evolution, Health, and Disease, by Daniel Lieberman. [00:16:41] Impact of genetic polymorphisms. [00:17:37] The histamine "bucket" and individual tolerance. [00:18:20] Testing for histamine intolerance. [00:21:00] What to do if you're sensitive to histamine (or have allergies). [00:21:28] Supplements: mast cell stabilizers, antihistamines, DAO enzyme; Study: Schnedl, Wolfgang J., et al. "Diamine oxidase supplementation improves symptoms in patients with histamine intolerance." Food science and biotechnology 28.6 (2019): 1779-1784. [00:22:24] Thorne Quercetin Phytosome; Study: Riva, Antonella, et al. "Improved oral absorption of quercetin from quercetin phytosome®, a new delivery system based on food grade lecithin." European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics 44.2 (2019): 169-177. [00:23:05] Over the counter antihistamines. [00:24:01] Dietary restriction (short term). [00:24:33] No perfect food elimination list; Paper: Martin, I. San Mauro, S. Brachero, and E. Garicano Vilar. "Histamine intolerance and dietary management: A complete review." Allergologia et immunopathologia 44.5 (2016): 475-483. [00:27:40] Stress; Study: Eutamene, Helene, et al. "Acute stress modulates the histamine content of mast cells in the gastrointestinal tract through interleukin‐1 and corticotropin‐releasing factor release in rats." The Journal of physiology 553.3 (2003): 959-966. [00:29:08] High priority: fixing the gut. [00:29:22] Paleo Diet; Book: The Paleo Diet: Lose Weight and Get Healthy by Eating the Foods You Were Designed to Eat, by Loren Cordain. [00:29:25] Autoimmune Protocol (AIP). [00:29:44] Gut testing. [00:30:10] Enteromend, GI-Revive, SBI Protect, herbal antimicrobials. [00:31:41] What didn't work for Chris. [00:34:22] Seasonal allergies. [00:36:58] Review papers on histamine: Maintz, Laura, and Natalija Novak. "Histamine and histamine intolerance." The American journal of clinical nutrition 85.5 (2007): 1185-1196 and Comas-Basté, Oriol, et al. "Histamine intolerance: The current state of the art." Biomolecules 10.8 (2020): 1181. [00:37:08] Book a free 15-minute starter session.

Eric Helms, PhD is a New Zealand-based coach, athlete, author, and educator. A trainer since the early 2000s, he coaches drug-free strength and physique competitors at all levels. Eric has competed since the mid-2000s and earned pro status as a natural bodybuilder in 2011 and competes at international level events as an unequipped powerlifter. Eric has also published multiple peer-reviewed articles in exercise science and nutrition journals and writes for commercial fitness publications. On this podcast, Eric gives us a glimpse into the world of natural bodybuilding, including the cyclical weight loss and regain pattern required for competition in the sport, and the rigorous controls in place to prevent banned substance use amongst competitors. Eric explains why most people should probably not eat like a bodybuilder, and offers tips for athletes interested in optimizing body composition. He also describes the mindset needed to attain sustainable results in fitness and sport. Here’s the outline of this interview with Eric Helms: [00:00:29] Mikki Williden, PhD; NBT Podcast: Women Athletes: Nutrition, Supplementation, and Hormones; Mikki’s podcast, Mikkipedia. [00:00:31] Cliff Harvey, PhD; NBT Podcast: Finding a Carbohydrate-Appropriate Diet for Nutrition, Health, and Performance; Cliff’s podcast, The Carb-Appropriate Podcast. [00:00:59] Eric’s podcast: Iron Culture Podcast; MASS Research Review: Train Smarter With Science. [00:02:28] Natural bodybuilding. [00:09:28] Doping violations; Study: Engelberg, Terry, Stephen Moston, and James Skinner. "The final frontier of anti-doping: A study of athletes who have committed doping violations." Sport Management Review 18.2 (2015): 268-279. [00:12:23] Questions from Mike T Nelson, Megan Hall, and Zach Moore; Mike T Nelson’s appearances on the podcast: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. [00:12:40] Lifting performance vs. physique. [00:16:17] Nutrition and exercise for body building vs. healthy body composition. [00:22:42] Simultaneously losing fat and building muscle. [00:26:05] Reverse dieting and recovery. [00:32:16] Eating according to internal cues vs. tracking macros and calories. [00:37:22] Intuitive eating vs. mindful eating. [00:38:05] How much to eat to maintain or lose weight to avoid low energy availability. [00:38:40] Mark Sisson. [00:42:15] Video: The BEST Home Workout To Prevent Muscle Loss (And Even Build Some!) ft. Eric Helms. [00:45:30] Find Eric on Instagram and at 3D Muscle Journey.

These days it’s easy to find yourself feeling tense or anxious. If social distancing and the threat of a global pandemic aren’t enough, just add a dose of political mayhem or a strained relationship and you’ve got a recipe for stress. What I’ve learned from performance psychologist Simon Marshall is that your brain and nervous system manage everything about you, including your ability to cope and overcome the difficulties of life. In this podcast, Simon and I are discussing some cutting edge ways to master your nervous system and manage stressful moments. Simon shares some evidence-based techniques that involve breathing, vocalization, and eye movement, to manage stress and help you avoid limbic system overwhelm. And as powerful as these practices are, I know they are just a few of the tools Simon has in his performance coaching arsenal. If you enjoy this podcast, I hope you’ll consider joining us in the upcoming Coping Resilience and Mental Toughness Workshop, with Simon and world champion triathlete Lesley Paterson. The workshop content is approximately five hours of prerecorded video and is largely self-paced, along with four 30-minute live group coaching sessions with Simon and Les to answer questions and help you navigate real-world situations. Here’s the outline of this interview with Simon Marshall: [00:01:49] Strava 2020 Year in Sport report. [00:03:23] Benefits of outdoor exercise. [00:03:42] Neuroscience research: 1. Yilmaz, Melis, and Andrew D. Huberman. "Fear: It’s All in Your Line of Sight." Current Biology 29.23 (2019): R1232-R1234; 2. González, Anabel, Lucía del Río-Casanova, and Ania Justo-Alonso. "Integrating neurobiology of emotion regulation and trauma therapy: Reflections on EMDR therapy." Reviews in the Neurosciences 28.4 (2017): 431-440. [00:04:34] Self-generated optic flow. [00:04:41] Neuroscientist Andrew Huberman; The Huberman Lab at Stanford. [00:09:40] Physiologic sigh; Studies: 1. Li, Peng, et al. "The peptidergic control circuit for sighing." Nature 530.7590 (2016): 293-297; 2. Yackle, Kevin, et al. "Breathing control center neurons that promote arousal in mice." Science 355.6332 (2017): 1411-1415; 3. Salay, Lindsey D., Nao Ishiko, and Andrew D. Huberman. "A midline thalamic circuit determines reactions to visual threat." Nature 557.7704 (2018): 183-189. [00:14:56] Podcast: The Neurophysiology of Safety and How to Feel Safe, with Stephen Porges. [00:22:50] Chimp Purge; Study: Lieberman, Matthew D., et al. "Putting feelings into words." Psychological science 18.5 (2007): 421-428. [00:28:41] Podcast: How to Have Intimacy With Ease, with Jessa Zimmerman. [00:28:51] Podcast: NBT People: Mark Alexander. [00:30:34] Podcast: A Guide to Flawed Studies with Richard Feinman. [00:36:33] Stress management; Podcast: How to Manage Stress, with Simon Marshall, PhD. [00:38:23] Values guided action exercise; Russ Harris. [00:38:37] Habit formation, habit stacking. [00:41:49] Dopamine + noradrenaline =  motivated action. [00:43:59] Leveraging physiology during unpleasant activities. [00:44:27] Book: Radical Candor (Be a Kick-Ass Boss Without Losing Your Humanity, by Kim Scott. [00:44:50] Getting and giving feedback. [00:46:41] Motivational interviewing; helping people change their behavior. [00:48:26] Book: Never Split the Difference: Negotiating as if Your Life Depended on It, by Chris Voss. [00:49:24] Book: Thank You for Arguing, Fourth Edition (Revised and Updated): What Aristotle, Lincoln, and Homer Simpson Can Teach Us About the Art of Persuasion, by Jay Heinrichs. [00:49:50] Book: The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting Up a Generation for Failure, by Jonathan Haidt. [00:53:15] Sign up for the Coping Resilience and Mental Toughness Workshop. [00:53:40] The Xterra Podcast.

Mikki Williden, PhD is a Registered Nutritionist and a Senior Lecturer at Unitec Institute of Technology in Auckland, New Zealand. She runs an online nutrition coaching programme and has privately consulted with clients since 2006. Mikki co-hosts the Fitter Radio weekly endurance sports podcast and recently launched her own podcast, Mikkipedia, where she has conversations with experts in health and nutrition. She is also a runner and is passionate about health, longevity, nutrition, and activity.  On the podcast today, Mikki talks with Megan Hall about nutritional and training considerations for women athletes. They discuss the timing of meals and supplements around training and preparing for race nutrition, with consideration given to cyclical hormonal fluctuations. Mikki discusses current research on fueling before exercise, and the importance of adequate protein (and what that actually means!). They also discuss the common problem of under-eating and chronic low energy availability. Here’s the outline of this podcast with Mikki Williden: [00:00:21] Ancestral Health Symposium. [00:00:57] Mikki's background. [00:02:26] Menstrual cycle, athletic performance, and nutrition. [00:08:26] Meta analysis: McNulty, Kelly Lee, et al. "The effects of menstrual cycle phase on exercise performance in eumenorrheic women: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Sports medicine (2020): 1-15. [00:14:04] Nutritional factors impacting bloating, cramping and cyclical inflammation. [00:17:13] Protein as a focus for female athletes. [00:20:28] Stuart Phillips, Luc Van Loon. [00:22:33] Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S); Podcast: How to Identify and Treat Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S), with Nicky Keay. [00:23:21] The importance of biomedical testing. [00:26:03] Underfueling early in the day. [00:27:36] Meal timing and hormones; Studies: 1. Fahrenholtz, Ida Lysdahl, et al. "Within‐day energy deficiency and reproductive function in female endurance athletes." Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 28.3 (2018): 1139-1146; 2. Torstveit, Monica Klungland, et al. "Within-day energy deficiency and metabolic perturbation in male endurance athletes." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 28.4 (2018): 419-427. [00:28:36] Low carb/ketogenic diets and fasting. [00:35:03] Sleep low, train low. [00:35:53] Study: Impey, Samuel G., et al. "Fuel for the work required: a theoretical framework for carbohydrate periodization and the glycogen threshold hypothesis." Sports Medicine 48.5 (2018): 1031-1048. [00:37:01] Study: Rothschild, Jeffrey A., Andrew E. Kilding, and Daniel J. Plews. "What Should I Eat before Exercise? Pre-Exercise Nutrition and the Response to Endurance Exercise: Current Prospective and Future Directions." Nutrients 12.11 (2020): 3473. [00:38:16] Blog post: What to eat before training: a research update, by Mikki Williden, PhD. [00:38:53] Fueling for training. [00:41:08] Practicing for race nutrition. [00:43:23] Timing of carbohydrate intake. [00:47:19] Chronic/acute low energy availability. [00:48:33] Eric Helms. [00:54:21] Meeting an athlete’s nutritional needs. [01:01:48] Peri- and post-menopausal training and nutritional considerations. [01:04:40] Protein needs in isolation vs mixed meal; Study: Kim, Il-Young, et al. "The anabolic response to a meal containing different amounts of protein is not limited by the maximal stimulation of protein synthesis in healthy young adults." American journal of physiology-endocrinology and metabolism 310.1 (2016): E73-E80. [01:06:10] Hormonal fluctuations and gut health. [01:07:07] Digestive enzymes. [01:08:18] Branched-chain amino acids; Dr. Gabrielle Lyon. [01:09:41] Where to find Mikki: mikkiwilliden.com; FITTER Radio Podcast; Consult with Mikki, meal plans; Facebook; Mikkipedia Podcast.

David Raichlen, PhD. is a Professor of Human And Evolutionary Biology at the University of Southern California. His work explores how physical activity drove key aspects of human evolution, helping to explain how and why inactivity underlies many chronic diseases today. Combining aspects of biomechanics, physiology and neuroscience with analysis of movement patterns of ancient humans, his work helps to explain how we can use an evolutionary context to improve modern-day health. On the podcast today, David talks about the links between human evolution, physical activity, and health across the lifespan. He discusses the impact of exercise on brain health and neurogenesis and explains why an active lifestyle may be critical for those genetically predisposed to Alzheimer’s disease. He also describes the biological mechanism behind the “runner’s high” that suggests humans are “wired to run”. Here’s the outline of this podcast with David Raichlen: [00:00:11] Herman Pontzer, PhD; Book: Burn: New Research Blows the Lid Off How We Really Burn Calories, Lose Weight, and Stay Healthy (coming out in March 2021). [00:00:43] Paper: Pontzer, H., B. M. Wood, and David A. Raichlen. "Hunter‐gatherers as models in public health." Obesity Reviews 19 (2018): 24-35. [00:01:27] Working with Hadza; Brian Wood, PhD, Assistant Professor of Anthropology at UCLA. [00:02:07] Exercise and brain health. [00:03:24] Neurogenesis. [00:04:08] Rodents in enriched environments; Study: Kempermann, Gerd, H. Georg Kuhn, and Fred H. Gage. "More hippocampal neurons in adult mice living in an enriched environment." Nature 386.6624 (1997): 493-495. [00:05:10] Adaptive Capacity model; Paper: Raichlen, David A., and Gene E. Alexander. "Adaptive capacity: an evolutionary neuroscience model linking exercise, cognition, and brain health." Trends in neurosciences 40.7 (2017): 408-421. [00:10:01] APOE4; Study: Raichlen, David A., and Gene E. Alexander. "Exercise, APOE genotype, and the evolution of the human lifespan." Trends in neurosciences 37.5 (2014): 247-255. [00:12:20] Study: Trumble, Benjamin C., et al. "Apolipoprotein E4 is associated with improved cognitive function in Amazonian forager‐horticulturalists with a high parasite burden." The FASEB Journal 31.4 (2017): 1508-1515. [00:13:34] Resistance training. [00:14:20] Megan Hall; Study: Roberts, Megan N., et al. "A ketogenic diet extends longevity and healthspan in adult mice." Cell metabolism 26.3 (2017): 539-546. [00:15:18] BDNF upregulation through exercise. [00:16:28] Podcast: The Postmenopausal Longevity Paradox and the Evolutionary Advantage of Our Grandmothering Life History, with Kristin Hawkes. [00:17:46] Structural associations of exercise in middle age. Study: Raichlen, David A., et al. "Differential associations of engagement in physical activity and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness with brain volume in middle-aged to older adults." Brain Imaging and Behavior (2019): 1-10. [00:17:46] Brain connectivity associations among young athletes; Study: Raichlen, David A., et al. "Differences in resting state functional connectivity between young adult endurance athletes and healthy controls." Frontiers in human neuroscience 10 (2016): 610. [00:21:30] Podcast: Air Pollution Is a Cause of Endothelial Injury, Systemic Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease, with Arden Pope, PhD. [00:22:21] Optimal duration and intensity of exercise. [00:23:38] Types of exercise that are most beneficial. [00:25:32] Exercise-induced endocannabinoid system. [00:27:20] Endocannabinoid upregulation following exercise in humans, dogs, and ferrets; Study: Raichlen, David A., et al. "Wired to run: exercise-induced endocannabinoid signaling in humans and cursorial mammals with implications for the ‘runner’s high’." Journal of Experimental Biology 215.8 (2012): 1331-1336. [00:29:11] Self-generated optic flow; Articles: Yilmaz, Melis, and Andrew D. Huberman. "Fear: It’s All in Your Line of Sight." Current Biology 29.23 (2019): R1232-R1234 and González, Anabel, Lucía del Río-Casanova, and Ania Justo-Alonso. "Integrating neurobiology of emotion regulation and trauma therapy: Reflections on EMDR therapy." Reviews in the Neurosciences 28.4 (2017): 431-440. [00:30:23] Minimizing environmental mismatch. [00:30:39] Sitting in hunter gatherers; Study: Raichlen, David A., et al. "Sitting, squatting, and the evolutionary biology of human inactivity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117.13 (2020): 7115-7121. [00:37:56] Exercise intensity and endocannabinoid signaling; Study: Raichlen, David A., et al. "Exercise-induced endocannabinoid signaling is modulated by intensity." European journal of applied physiology 113.4 (2013): 869-875. [00:41:14] Book: Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers: The Acclaimed Guide to Stress, Stress-Related Diseases, and Coping, 3rd Edition, by Robert Sapolsky. [00:42:40] Scientific American article: Why Your Brain Needs Exercise, by David A. Raichlen and Gene E. Alexander. [00:43:00] New Scientist article: How changing the way you sit could add years to your life, by Herman Pontzer and David Raichlen. [00:45:45] Find David at University of Southern California’s Department of Biological Sciences.

Cliff Harvey, PhD, is a New Zealand-based author, nutritionist, researcher, and speaker. He is also a Qualified Naturopath, a strength and nutrition coach of 20 years, and an IAWA Weightlifting World Champion (2004 & 2007). Over the years he has consulted for all types of athletes, from champion fighters and cyclists to yacht teams and rugby unions. He currently works with clients and conducts research at Auckland University of Technology, while also growing his online collection of educational videos on nutrition, health, and performance. On this podcast, Cliff talks about the diagnosis that propelled him into studying nutrition and the critical lessons he learned while recovering. He talks about his research on the ketogenic diet, including what actually causes “keto flu” and how best to overcome it quickly. We also discuss carbohydrate-appropriate diets, and how to figure out the carb intake that’s right for you. Here’s the outline of this podcast with Cliff Harvey: [00:00:38] Mikky Williden, PhD. Podcast featuring Mikki as interviewer: How I Used Ancestral Health to Boost My Energy and Start a Business. [00:02:29] Diagnosed with Crohn's Disease. [00:06:42] Studying nutrition. [00:07:32] Crohn's in remission. [00:08:31] Reducing stress and building a lifestyle conducive to health. [00:13:22] Competitive weightlifting. [00:18:43] Book: The Passion Paradox: A Guide to Going All In, Finding Success, and Discovering the Benefits of an Unbalanced Life, by Brad Stulberg and Steve Magness.  Podcast with Brad Stulberg: How to Harness Productive Passion and Avoid Burnout. [00:22:15] Protein first; Ketogenic and low-carb diets. [00:26:51] Paperpile. [00:27:01] “Keto flu”; Study: Harvey, Cliff J. D. C., Grant M. Schofield, and Micalla Williden. "The use of nutritional supplements to induce ketosis and reduce symptoms associated with keto-induction: a narrative review." PeerJ 6 (2018): e4488. [00:29:44] Effects of 3 low-carb diets; Study: Harvey, Cliff J. D. C., et al. "Low-carbohydrate diets differing in carbohydrate restriction improve cardiometabolic and anthropometric markers in healthy adults: A randomised clinical trial." PeerJ 7 (2019): e6273. [00:31:01] Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDS); Podcast: How to Identify and Treat Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S), with Nicky Keay. [00:32:24] Lessening symptoms of keto flu. [00:34:58] Eric Helms, PhD; outcomes based nutrition. [00:37:24] Eric Helms on Cliff’s podcast: The Bodybuilding Contest Prep Diet Debate. [00:37:44] The Carb-Appropriate Podcast. [00:39:48] Figuring out the carb intake that is appropriate for you. [00:41:13] Book: The Carbohydrate Appropriate Diet: Go beyond low-carb diets to lose weight fast, and improve energy and performance, without counting calories, by Cliff Harvey; Other books by Cliff. [00:45:03] Sami Inkinen, CEO and Founder of Virta Health. [00:50:51] Cliff’s courses: The Holistic Performance Institute. [00:53:24] Autoregulation. [00:57:40] COVID situation in New Zealand; Cliff’s podcast with Simon Thornley, PhD: Are lockdowns effective for mitigating the effects of the COVID pandemic?

Abel Romero, DPT, TPI, RYT 200 is a licensed physical therapist and movement coach with a Doctorate of Physical Therapy from UC San Francisco/San Francisco State University. He has worked with a wide range of clients, from high-performing athletes to women postpartum and seniors. He is fascinated not only with helping others achieve a high level of health and well-being, but also with the science and art of improving skill, preventing pain, and having fun through movement. On this podcast, Abel and I discuss how humans evolved to move, and the role of pain in avoiding injury. Abel talks about some of the common issues that lead to pain in our culture and why moving harder and faster is critical for long-term fitness and healthspan. I’m excited to announce Abel has partnered with us to lead a group program in January 2021. He’ll be working with us on how to avoid chronic pain, improve mobility and feel total confidence in lifting through mindful movement practice, functional training, and plyometric and power training. By the end of the program, you’ll have greater control, ability to generate power, and awareness of how your body interacts with its environment. Here’s the outline of this podcast with Abel Romero: [00:01:25] Early interest in movement and physical therapy. [00:05:51] Book Free to Learn, by Peter Gray; Podcast: Free to Learn: Unleashing the Instinct to Play, with Peter Gray. [00:07:29] Book: Play Anything: The Pleasure of Limits, the Uses of Boredom, and the Secret of Games, by Ian Bogost. [00:11:24] Book: The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting Up a Generation for Failure, by Jonathan Haidt and Greg Lukianoff. [00:13:00] Pain. [00:18:26] Herman Pontzer, PhD; Daniel Lieberman, PhD. [00:19:32] Hadza of Tanzania squatting “better than a baby”. [00:22:30] Videos: Why Things Hurt and The Pain Revolution with Lorimer Moseley. [00:26:15] Common issues that lead to pain in our culture. [00:29:37] Exercise. [00:30:38] Doing things harder, faster, with more precision. [00:36:42] How movement changed during pandemic. [00:38:50] Simon Marshall, PhD; Self-generated optic flow as the basis of EMDR therapy. [00:41:54] Posture. [00:47:08] Katy Bowman; Podcast: Move Your DNA with Katy Bowman [00:48:33] 4-quadrant model. [00:50:12] Podcast: Movement Analysis and Breathing Strategies for Pain Relief and Improved Performance, with Zac Cupples. [00:50:55] Remote coaching with Abel. [00:52:36] The value of group programs; Podcast: The Community Cure: Transforming Health Outcomes Together, with James Maskell. [00:56:55] Sign up for the group program with Abel, beginning in January 2021. [00:57:04] Abel’s website; abel@moveintelligently.com; Instagram.

Mikki Williden, PhD is a Registered Nutritionist in Auckland, New Zealand specializing in sports and performance nutrition. I met Mikki at the Ancestral Health Symposium in Boulder, Colorado in 2016, and she has recently launched a new podcast called Mikkipedia as an exploration of all things health, well being, fitness, food and nutrition. She kindly invited me on as a guest, which of course is a role reversal for me. On this podcast, Mikki and I discuss my personal health journey and what motivated me to start NBT. We get into some detail, including what my life looked like before I knew anything about health and the specific steps that got me headed in the right direction. We talk about bike racing and business and how both have evolved for me, as well as the habits that I’ve built to maintain my current state of health and performance. Here’s the outline of this podcast with Mikki Williden: [00:00:19] Christopher Kelly on Robb Wolf’s Paleo Solution podcast. [00:01:50] Robb Wolf’s podcast, The Healthy Rebellion. [00:02:24] Chris's health journey. [00:03:18] Mikki’s interview with Greg Potter, on The Mikkipedia Podcast. [00:04:21] Book: The Paleo Diet for Athletes: The Ancient Nutritional Formula for Peak Athletic Performance, by Loren Cordain and Joe Friel. [00:05:38] Autoimmune Protocol (AIP) diet. [00:06:45] Chris Kelly on Ben Greenfield's podcast. [00:11:36] Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDS); Podcast: How to Identify and Treat Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S); with Nicky Keay. [00:14:51] Mickey Trescott’s books on AIP. [00:17:22] Framing interventions in terms of performance. [00:20:43] Diet changes over time. [00:20:59] Keto Summit; Jeremy and Louise Hendon. [00:21:59] Dom D’Agostino, PhD. [00:22:53] Problems with the Keto diet. [00:24:15] Podcasts featuring Katie compton and Jeremy Powers. [00:26:01] Racing and fueling. [00:28:25] Changing goals: from performance to healthspan. [00:30:51] Book: Tiny Habits: The Small Changes That Change Everything, by BJ Fogg, PhD. [00:31:04] B Strong blood flow restriction training; Podcast: Blood Flow Restriction Training for Improved Strength, Performance, and Healthspan, with Jim Stray-Gundersen, MD. [00:35:33] NBT over time - changes in approach. [00:37:44] Supervised machine learning; bloodsmart.ai. [00:40:09] Stephen Genuis, PhD; Multiple studies on toxicants excreted in sweat. [00:44:11] Identifying your values; Motivational interviewing, Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). [00:45:49] Services offered by NBT; book a free 15-minute starter session. [00:46:54] Podcast: How to Manage Stress, with Simon Marshall, PhD. [00:48:39] Intermountain Risk Score. Study: Horne BD, May HT, Muhlestein JB, Ronnow BS, Lappé DL, Renlund DG, et al. Exceptional mortality prediction by risk scores from common laboratory tests. Am J Med. 2009;122: 550–558. [00:48:57] PhenoAge; Podcast: How to Measure Your Biological Age, with Megan Hall. [00:52:32] Supplements: Thorne Multi-Vitamin Elite, Thorne Creatine. [00:54:56] A day in the life of Chris Kelly. [00:56:30] Podcast: Air Pollution Is a Cause of Endothelial Injury, Systemic Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease, with Arden Pope, PhD. [00:59:49] California wildfires. [01:02:28] Cliff Harvey. [01:03:04] Influential podcast guests. [01:03:41] Podcasts with Malcolm Kendrick: Why Cholesterol Levels Have No Effect on Cardiovascular Disease (And Things to Think about Instead) and A Statin Nation: Damaging Millions in a Brave New Post-health World. [01:04:38] Podcasts with Stephanie Welch: Disruptive Anthropology: An Ancestral Health Perspective on Barefooting and Male Circumcision and The Need for Tribal Living in a Modern World. [01:04:48] Josh Turknett, MD, president of Physicians for Ancestral Health; Podcasts include The Migraine Miracle, How to Protect Your Brain from Decline, and How to Support Childhood Cognitive Development. [01:05:51] Book: The WEIRDest People in the World: How the West Became Psychologically Peculiar and Particularly Prosperous, by Joe Henrich. [01:06:44] My Migraine Miracle; Book: Migraine Miracle: A Sugar-Free, Gluten-Free Ancestral Diet to Reduce Inflammation and Relieve Your Headaches for Good; Video: Migraine as the Hypothalamic Distress Signal — Joshua Turknett, M.D. (AHS14). [01:08:44] How To Win At Angry Birds: The Ancestral Therapeutic Paradigm - AHS19. Podcast: How to Win at Angry Birds: The Ancestral Paradigm for a Therapeutic Revolution; 4-quadrant model.   [01:14:05] NBT’s retainer program.

It’s been about three years since NBT began using supervised machine learning to predict the results of more expensive or unattainable biomedical tests. With our bloodsmart.ai software, we can forecast infections and inflammation, xenobiotic and heavy metal toxicity, and metabolic health indicators like fatty liver and elevated insulin - all without directly testing these markers. As a result, we’ve dramatically shifted our clinical work away from direct testing, instead focusing on basic blood chemistry and supervised machine learning to guide decision making. It's one of the things I'm proudest of building. Sometimes I get asked how bloodsmart.ai compares to other blood chemistry programs. I used the other programs for years before coding my own, and rather than ML, they use what I call “hand-rolled algorithms.” For example, if alkaline phosphatase is low, then it must be a zinc deficiency. Unfortunately, biology is way more complicated than that, and supplementing with zinc with just one indicator never helps. On this podcast, my Scientific Director Megan Hall and I are discussing how to interpret the forecast on a bloodsmart.ai report and how we use the results in our work with clients. We talk a little about how the algorithms work under the hood and how we know the forecasts have predictive value. We also explain what might be going on when the forecasts don’t match direct testing.  To get the most out of this podcast, be sure to follow along with Megan’s outline. Here’s the outline of this podcast with Megan Hall: [00:04:39] bloodsmart.ai software. [00:04:47] Supervised machine learning. [00:06:36] Pain as the amazing protectometer; Video: Pain, the brain and your amazing protectometer - Lorimer Moseley. [00:08:25] Karl Friston. [00:09:38] eLife podcast and eLife Journal. [00:10:06] Machine learning in embryology: Bormann, Charles L., et al. "Performance of a deep learning based neural network in the selection of human blastocysts for implantation." Elife 9 (2020): e55301. [00:12:16] Machine learning for identifying prostate cancer: Hood, Simon P., et al. "Identifying prostate cancer and its clinical risk in asymptomatic men using machine learning of high dimensional peripheral blood flow cytometric natural killer cell subset phenotyping data." Elife 9 (2020): e50936. [00:13:18] Podcast: How to Interpret Your White Blood Cell Count with Megan Hall. [00:14:38] Paper: Wood, Thomas R., et al. "An interpretable machine learning model of biological age." F1000Research 8.17 (2019): 17. [00:14:53] Podcast: How to Measure Your Biological Age, with Megan Hall.  [00:15:24] How do we know the models have skill? Article: A Gentle Introduction to k-fold Cross-Validation. [00:17:40] What the forecasts are and what they’re not. [00:19:18] A "cloudy crystal ball". [00:23:21] Using bloodsmart.ai forecasts in clinical practice. [00:24:25] Book: How to Decide: Simple Tools for Making Better Choices, by Annie Duke. [00:26:17] The “Archer's Mindset”: The value of taking aim. [00:28:09] Podcast: Environmental Pollutants and the Gut Microbiome, with Jodi Flaws, PhD.  [00:28:45] Article: How to do better at darts and life.  [00:32:33] Health history and symptoms; Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) (example). [00:35:30] 7 minute analysis. [00:36:53] bloodsmart.ai bar chart (example). [00:37:56] Food journaling. [00:42:27] Environmental Working Group’s Skin Deep and Healthy Living App; Think Dirty Shop Clean App. [00:43:03] Podcast: Air Pollution Is a Cause of Endothelial Injury, Systemic Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease, with Arden Pope, PhD. [00:44:23] Titanium bottle kickstarter: Keego. [00:46:04] Discrepancies between forecast and directly measured marker. [00:48:42] Forecasts that tend to be seen together. [00:53:34] Forecast detail view (example). [00:55:30] Josh Turknett's 4-Quadrant Model.  [00:58:22] Podcast: How to Win at Angry Birds: The Ancestral Paradigm for a Therapeutic Revolution, with Josh Turknett, MD. [01:01:38] Book a free 15-minute starter session.