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Finishing out Ch. 1 of Dr. Naomi Oreskes 'Science on a Mission' we discuss how the petty rivalries and perceived slights of the previous episode would level up from workplace tension to matters of national security for Harald Sverdrup. Also, we find out Roger Revelle was a babe. Resources: Oreskes, Naomi. Science on a Mission: How Military Funding Shaped What We Do and Don’t Know About the Ocean. 2021. Chicago University Press. https://svenhedinfoundation.org/biography/sven-hedin-biography/

For humans, gender and sex expression are complicated and intensely personal parts of our identity and understanding of self. For a lot of fish, it's more of a vibe. Happy Pride <3 Resources: https://www.nature.com/articles/srep35461 https://evolution.berkeley.edu/fisheye-view-tree-of-life/gender-bending-fish/ https://marinemadness.blog/2020/02/04/parrotfish-the-gender-fluid-narcoleptics-that-poop-out-beaches/ https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/449297

In the first chapter of Dr. Naomi Oreskes Science on a Mission we are introduced to some of the most iconic names and places in Ocean Science lore. Today, we're looking at pre-WWII oceanography to get a feel for where we started and how we get to a future that sees the US Navy as the biggest source of funding for ocean research in the middle of the 1900s. We'll also be getting a first look at how all that office drama you hate so much somehow looks even dumber when it's coming from accredited science researchers. References: Oreskes, Naomi. Science on a Mission: How Military Funding Shaped What We Do and Don’t Know About the Ocean. 2022. University of Chicago Press. https://scripps.ucsd.edu/about/history https://antarctic-logistics.com/2010/08/28/harald-sverdrup/ https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-020-0866-0 A link to the slides can be found on our Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/fromtheseapod

With the blessing of its author, Dr. Naomi Oreskes, Sarah and Sam will be spending some time digging into Science on a Mission. We'll be exploring ocean science in the cold war and how military funding (particularly from the US Navy) impacted the science that was being done and the questions that were being asked. Feel free to find a copy and read along with us, or stick around to listen and learn as we dive into future chapters. Buy it here: https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/S/bo59258933.html No slides or notes this week as we're just talking about Dr. Oreskes and going through the intro.

Last time we learned that neuston exist and are grossly under appreciated. Today, we take a closer look at a few of these floating friends and ask that age old question: Can I Lick This? Will I Die? Sources: https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/portuguese-man-o-war.html https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/facts/portuguese-man-of-war https://aquarium.org/tag/velella-velella/ https://www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife-explorer/marine/colonial-creatures/wind-sailor http://sio-legacy.ucsd.edu/zooplanktonguide/species/velella-velella https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJGO_bSsR3w https://www.jellywatch.org/velella https://oceanconservancy.org/blog/2020/10/05/paper-nautilus/ https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/facts/argonaut https://oceana.org/marine-life/blue-glaucus/ https://www.americanoceans.org/species/blue-glaucus/ https://academic.oup.com/jcb/article/24/4/558/2670390

Sometimes the most interesting and bizarre life is hiding right in front of us. Sam and I are back to learn about the creatures that survive, and dare we say thrive, in the most visible and least studied part of our oceans. Research for this episode by me, Sarah @barnacle_btch Production for this episode by the lovely Sarah @hikkikonormie Sources: https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/01/ocean-cleanup-project-could-destroy-neuston/580693/ https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31822023868631;view=1up;seq=320 https://www.marineinsight.com/environment/what-does-the-term-ocean-biome-means/ https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001046 H.G. Marshall, M.I. Gladyshev, Neuston in Aquatic Ecosystems, Editor(s): Gene E. Likens,Encyclopedia of Inland Waters,Academic Press,2009,Pages 97-102,ISBN9780123706263,https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012370626-3.00220-9. https://theoceancleanup.com/

You know how plate tectonics are definitely real and the oceans are full of seamounts and shit? Yeah, well, no one else did until 1959. Josie from A Hill to Die On joins Sarah to talk about Marie Tharp and how she provided pivotal insight into the seafloor morphology and seafloor mapping that allowed scientists to bring their understanding of how the Earth works into the 20th century. Resources: https://www.sciencenews.org/article/marie-tharp-maps-plate-tectonics-seafloor-cartography https://www.whoi.edu/who-we-are/about-us/people/awards-recognition/mary-sears-women-pioneers-in-oceanography-award/award-recipients/marie-tharp-biography/ https://www.science.org/content/article/once-honored-racist-ocean-science-pioneer-now-rejected https://biography.yourdictionary.com/marie-tharp https://theconversation.com/marie-tharp-pioneered-mapping-the-bottom-of-the-ocean-6-decades-ago-scientists-are-still-learning-about-earths-last-frontier-142451 https://www.whoi.edu/news-insights/content/marie-tharp/

Did you miss us? Sarah and Sam are back to take things slow and kick off a new year by talking about sea ice, land ice, fast ice that doesn't actually go anywhere, and also mushrooms a bit. Why not. References: http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/ https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/SeaIce https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/characteristics/formation.html https://www.whoi.edu/know-your-ocean/ocean-topics/polar-research/sea-ice/sea-ice-glossary/ https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/iceberg.html https://www.britannica.com/story/whats-the-difference-between-a-glacier-and-an-ice-floe https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/sea-ice-climate.html https://www.amusingplanet.com/2016/09/frozen-ice-balls-of-lake-michigan-and.html

Continuing our discussion of how we study the sea floor, Sarah and Sam talk about the wonders of SONAR and how sometimes scientists are really dumb for a bunch of smart people. Resources: https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/exploration-and-innovation/radar-sonar.html https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/lewis_clark01/background/seafloormapping/seafloormapping.html https://noaacoastsurvey.wordpress.com/2016/09/27/a-monumental-history/ https://www.bluehabitats.org/?page_id=1684 A. C. Veatch P. A. Smith. (Geological Society of America, Special Paper No. 7.) Pp. xvi + 101 + 10 plates. (New York: Geological Society of America, 1939.) £1 10s. net. The Origin of Submarine Canyons: a Critical Review of Hypotheses. https://www.nature.com/articles/148672a0 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multibeam_echosounder https://marietharp.ldeo.columbia.edu/about-marie-tharp https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZ0OJcRQf0Q (SONAR NOISE) https://www.sciencenews.org/article/marie-tharp-maps-plate-tectonics-seafloor-cartography https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/technology/sonar/multibeam.html https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/sonar.html https://www.hydro-international.com/content/article/multi-beam-data-processing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mOjsn5UrWM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fAAxEIFeLU https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/a22594681/weve-been-wrong-before-expanding-earth-theory/

It turns out ancient seafloor mapping looks a lot like seafloor mapping in the 1990s. We're starting off a short series on ocean bathymetry by talking about how we got started studying the shape of the seafloor. Resources: https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=4718c81ade5e4fada01797fc175c796e https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2019.00283/full http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Oc-Po/Ocean-Floor-Bathymetry.html https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03mountains/background/challenger/challenger.html https://divediscover.whoi.edu/history-of-oceanography/the-challenger-expedition/

If latitude is how far you are from the equator, why is longitude how far away we are from a town in the UK? Thumbnail only barely related. Resources https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/newsroom/blog/ordnance-datum-newlyn-100-years-old-today https://www.sea.museum/2016/06/08/where-on-earth-are-you-a-beginners-guide-to-longitude/ https://journal.hautehorlogerie.org/en/the-marine-chronometer-invention-and-rivalry-on-the-high-seas/ https://www.britannica.com/technology/chronometer https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/greenwich-mean-time-gmt

Took a little time to discus some very good marine mammals. Resources: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/north-atlantic-right-whale https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/rare-footage-shows-endangered-north-atlantic-right-whales-hug?fbclid=IwAR0SLVq-I43U9joEiQ-yCydSN-xAW1eP8F_7GRZwC3pHB4rsEm iokYMW-Kk https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/endangered-species-conservation/north-atlantic-right-whale-calving-season-2021#right-whale-reproduction https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/marine-mammals/what-largest-whale-cetacea-size-comparison-chart

Have you watched Netflix's documentary Seaspiracy? If you have, I'm sorry but it was bad. If you haven't, thank god, please don't. Resources: These two were the best, I think https://www.inverse.com/science/seaspiracy-fact-check-debunked-interview https://earther.gizmodo.com/dont-watch-netflixs-seaspiracy-1846630338 https://www.newsweek.com/fact-check-seaspiricy-dolphin-safe-labels-guaranteed-1579804 https://www.irishlegal.com/article/settlement-reached-in-high-court-case-on-human-trafficking-in-fishing-industry https://twitter.com/ChristinacHicks/status/1375390177913372673 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_debris https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/07/24/world/the-outlaw-ocean.html https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/seaspiracy-netflix-marines-true-story-b1824038.html https://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/page/note-on-netflix-documentary-on-overfishing https://www.newsweek.com/fact-check-seaspiricy-dolphin-safe-labels-guaranteed-1579804 https://www.greenqueen.com.hk/seaspiracy-response-heres-what-ngos-other-organizations-are-saying-about-the-documentary-plus-our-take/ (use the links to statements but the website seems pretty dumb overall) https://earther.gizmodo.com/dont-watch-netflixs-seaspiracy-1846630338 https://www.forbes.com/sites/allenelizabeth/2021/04/10/seaspiracy-a-call-to-action-or-a-vehicle-of-misinformation/?sh=7427e9d7c23a https://inews.co.uk/culture/film/seaspiracy-fact-check-netflix-documentary-what-about-accuracy-explained-935761

Usually corporations and irresponsible governments are the ones to blame for environmental destruction, but sometimes one person can do a lot of damage by themselves. Also, there's birtherism. Slides: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1P_QOn7ECurXx4Mqm6vi9fqaG1dsZHc6biEmNha0RshU/edit?usp=sharing Resources: https://www.propublica.org/article/hawaii-officials-promise-changes-to-seawall-policies-that-have-quickened-beach-destruction https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=4526 https://www.staradvertiser.com/2021/01/22/hawaii-news/homeowners-face-stiff-fines-for-illegal-seawalls/ https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/892/772/72533/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molokai_Advertiser-News https://www.mtdemocrat.com/letters/thanks-guys/ http://oaoa.hawaii.gov/jud/ica22693mop.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20120119091629/http://www.molokaiadvertiser-news.com/ https://web.archive.org/web/20120607113133/http://www.molokaiadvertiser-news.com/MAN_1-11-12_.pdf https://www.civilbeat.org/2012/08/16975-african-american-groups-in-hawaii-angered-by-latest-birther-request/ https://law.justia.com/cases/hawaii/supreme-court/1996/18386-2.html https://www.lahainanews.com/opinion/letters-to-editor/2020/12/04/letters-for-the-dec-3-issue/

Sarah is joined by Joe Kassabian from The Lions Led by Donkeys podcast to discuss the infuriating reality of coastal construction. Resources: https://toolkit.climate.gov/topics/coastal-flood-risk/coastal-erosion https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/coastal-development https://explorebeaches.msi.ucsb.edu/beach-health/beach-nourishment https://www.nps.gov/articles/beach-nourishment.htm https://www.americangeosciences.org/education/k5geosource/content/rocks/how-do-you-deal-with-shoreline-erosion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3ZYaL0Q9os https://www.propublica.org/article/the-high-cost-of-preserving-vulnerable-beaches https://static1.squarespace.com/static/58eec8afc534a5631767d450/t/5f6554d363133850a6f6ccff/1600476376632/Porro-2020-final-Waikikierosion.pdf https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50139900 http://asbpa.org/wpv2/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/HSBPA-2014-Beach-Restoration-White-Paper.pdf https://www.propublica.org/article/oceanfront-property-tied-to-obama-granted-exemption-from-hawaiis-environmental-laws https://www.propublica.org/article/oceanfront-property-tied-to-obama-granted-exemption-from-hawaiis-environmental-laws http://www.beachapedia.org/State_of_the_Beach/State_Reports/WA/Shoreline_Structures https://oceanwealth.org/accounting-for-mangroves-in-flood-protection/ https://www.dezeen.com/2016/10/24/tetrapot-coastal-defence-design-plant-pot-sheng-hung-lee-china/ https://www.propublica.org/article/hawaii-officials-promise-changes-to-seawall-policies-that-have-quickened-beach-destruction https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=4526 https://www.staradvertiser.com/2021/01/22/hawaii-news/homeowners-face-stiff-fines-for-illegal-seawalls/ https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/892/772/72533/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molokai_Advertiser-News

Rogue waves are real, and are far more common than you might think. A couple slides but no notes this week because I'm a hack and a fraud: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1-A4myncaCJNk5HMt-8nuLeEUau3bBA1C1p3uQuBawZo/edit?usp=sharing

Waves are just math, but don't worry we aren't going to talk about that part (much) Resources: https://www.univie.ac.at/geographie/fachdidaktik/FD/site/external_htmls/imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/waves.html https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-1/What-is-a-Wave https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/wavesinocean.html https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_currents/03coastal1.html http://oceanmotion.org/html/background/wind-driven-surface.htm https://manoa.hawaii.edu/sealearning/grade-4-physical-science-topic-1 http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Waves/watwav2.html http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/watwav.html#c1 https://ci.coastal.edu/~sgilman/770Oceansinmotion.htm https://seymourcenter.ucsc.edu/OOB/076_Big%20waves%20at%20sea.pdf https://www.livescience.com/33624-waves-ocean-sets-seven.html

Tides go in, Tides go out, you can't explain that References: https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/tides.html https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/predhist.html http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/observations/tides.html https://osr.org/blog/astronomy/johannes-kepler/ https://galileoandeinstein.phys.virginia.edu/1995/lectures/morekepl.html https://www.marineinsight.com/maritime-history/how-tide-predicting-machine-worked-in-the-ancient-times/ https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_tides/tides02_cause.html http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8r.html https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_tides/tides08_othereffects.html https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/tidal-energy/ https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/hydropower/tidal-power.php https://www.marine.usf.edu/pjocean/packets/sp02/sp02u1p3.pdf https://biol326.wordpress.com/2018/03/11/lifes-a-beach-challenges-of-living-life-in-the-rocky-intertidal-zone/ https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/gltides.html https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/atmospheric-tides https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-810-dynamics-of-the-atmosphere-spring-2008/lecture-notes/chapter_9.pdf https://cosmosmagazine.com/space/the-galactic-tide-coming-our-way/ .

What's up with all those feet washing up on shores in Washington and British Columbia?

In our final dive into the world of marine algae (for now) Sam and I discuss microalgae, harmful algal blooms, and wastewater treatment. Resources: https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/phyto.html https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/Phytoplankton https://www.fondriest.com/environmental-measurements/parameters/water-quality/algae-phytoplankton-chlorophyll/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/microalgae https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-1038-2_19 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X12000332 https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/invertebrates/seaside-lichens https://www.noaa.gov/what-is-harmful-algal-bloom https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/hazards/hab/ https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/algal-blooms/index.cfm https://www.cdc.gov/habs/environment.html http://tolweb.org/accessory/algae:_protists_with_chloroplasts?acc_id=52 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/endosymbiont https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21655979.2020.1711626 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X12000332