Listen Now

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com) Look us up on social media  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/ Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscience The practice of chiropractics is widely popular, especially in the United States. A practice that evolved in parallel with what's known as osteopathic medicine. The question at this point, is how many of us have ever even heard the second term. Join hosts Shanti and Danny as we discuss what the similarities are and how they differ? Most importantly, we'll talk about whether either of them stack up from a scientific perspective as far as efficacy is concerned?  References Ernst, E.; Chiropractic: A Critical Evaluation. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 15-Feb-2008. 35:5 (544 - 562). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.07.004  Michas, F.; Number of Chiropractic Licenses in the U.S. 1996 - 2020. Statista.com. 25-Aug-2021. https://www.statista.com/statistics/450353/number-of-chiropractic-licenses-in-the-us/ Baer, H.; The Drive for Legitimation by Osteopathy and Chiropractic in Australia: Between Heterodoxy and Orthodoxy. Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine. 01-Apr-2006. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210106292467 Baer, H.; Divergence and Convergence in Two Systems of Manual Medicine: Osteopathy and Chiropractic in the United States. Medical Anthropology Quarterly. Jun-1987. 1:2 (176 - 193). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/maq.1987.1.2.02a00030 American Chiropractic Association. What Research Shows About Chiropractic. ACA. https://www.acatoday.org/research/what-research-shows/ Support the show

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com) Look us up on social media  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/ Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscience In medieval times witchcraft was a dark, mysterious, and even dangerous practice. So much so, that it became the focus of the witch trials. But what's considered witchcraft? Everyone's seen some movie or TV show where the witch is boiling something in their cauldron or casting spells, but what about dowsing? Ever seen one walk around with a Y shaped stick or a couple of rods held out in front of them? No? Join hosts Shanti and Danny as we discuss what dowsing is and how we realize maybe we never stopped doing it. References Ebersole, R.; He Trains Cops in “Witching” to Help Find Corpses. Experts Are Alarmed. MotherJones. 17-Mar-2022. https://www.motherjones.com/crime-justice/2022/03/national-forensic-academy-police-training-dowsing-witching-arpad-vass/ McCarney, R., et. al.; Can Homeopaths Detect Homeopathic Medicines by Dowsing? A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. Apr-2022. 95:4 (189 - 191). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1258/jrsm.95.4.189 Harvalik, Z.; Anatomical Localization of Human Detection of Weak Electromagnetic Radiation: Experiments with Dowsers. Physiological Chemistry and Physics. 1978. 19:6 (525 - 534).  Henry, V.; The Modern Dowser. Nature. 27-Feb-1937. 139: 352. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/139352c0 Weaver, M.; UK Water Firms Admit Using Divining Rods to Find Leaks and Pipes. The Guardian. 21-Nov-2017. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/nov/21/uk-water-firms-admit-using-divining-rods-to-find-leaks-and-pipes Support the show

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com) Look us up on social media  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/ Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscience Will Smith was in a movie about it. The Thundamentals and several others have written songs about it, but what is the “Hypothesis concerning soul substance together with experimental evidence of the existence of such substance?” More importantly, why does it make some people believe in the importance of the specific value, 21 grams? Join hosts Shanti and Danny as we discuss the paper that led to the infamous belief that the soul weighs 21 grams. References MacDougall, D.; Hypothesis Concerning Soul Substance Together with Experimental Evidence of the Existence of Such Substance. American Society of Psychical Research. 1901. 1:5 (237 - 275).  https://diogenesii.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/duncan_macdougall_1907_-_21pp.pdf Hollander, L.; Unexplained Weight Gain Transients at the Moment of Death. Journal of Scientific Exploration. 2001. 15:4 (495 - 500). https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.567.4701&rep=rep1&type=pdf Support the show

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com) Look us up on social media  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/ Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscience If you listen to the show regularly, you know we just love space. In this episode, join hosts Shanti and Danny for something that is 1 part updating everyone on the world's most innovative telescope and 1 part just geeking out over how cool space is.  References NASA; NASA’s Webb Reaches Alignment Milestone, Optics Working Successfully. NASA.gov. 16-Mar-2022. https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-webb-reaches-alignment-milestone-optics-working-successfully IndiaToday; James Webb Telescope Packs 1000 Ancient Galaxies Into One Picture. IndiaToday. 17-Mar-2022. https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/james-webb-telescope-picture-photobomb-galaxy-nasa-esa-1926325-2022-03-17 Amos, J.; James Webb ‘Fully Focused’ Telescope Beats Expectations. BBC News. 16-Mar-2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-60771210 Explore Light, this is the link mentioned in the episode for the imaging differences.  https://www.nasa.gov/content/explore-light Support the show

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com) Look us up on social media  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/ Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscience Way back in episode 35 we discussed how educating the entire populace of a country is still sort of a new concept. The importance of an entirely educated population is a belief system barely around 100 years old now. With that always comes a clear division in understanding of how and what is best. Because of this we have public schools, private schools, boarding schools, and charter schools. But what is a charter school? How does it differ from any of these other categories that it seems like we're all well acquainted with and is it better? References Digest of Education Statistics. Public and Private Elementary and SEcondary Teachers, Enrollment, Pupil/Teacher Ratios, and New Teacher Hires: Selected Years, Fall 1955 Through Fall 2029. National Center for Education Statistics. 2020. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d20/tables/dt20_208.20.asp Logan, J., Burdick-Will, J.; School Segregation, Charter Schools, and Access to Quality Education. Journal of Urban Affairs. Aug-2016. 38:3 (323 - 343). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12246 Hojo, M.; Association Between Student-Teacher Ratio and Teachers’ Working Hours and Workload Stress: Evidence from a Nationwide Survey in Japan. BMC Public Health. 7-Sep-2021. 21:1 (1635). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11677-w National Conference of State Legislatures. Education Research. National Conference of State Legislatures. https://www.ncsl.org/research/education/charter-schools-research-and-report.aspx#:~:text=The%20most%20rigorous%20studies%20conducted,charter%20schools%20in%20different%20states. Hirsh, K.; Class Size and Charter Schools. Chalkbeat New York. 24-Feb-2009. https://ny.chalkbeat.org/2009/2/24/21098084/class-size-and-charter-schools Support the show

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com) Look us up on social media  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/ Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscience It feels like only a couple days ago the Breaking Bad Science team set about trying to figure out what Bitcoin even really was. So how then are we already faced with some new currency. Is that the right term? Maybe collectible would be better? Whatever it is, the acronym N.F.T. is at the very least a massive buzz word. Join hosts Shanti and Danny as we discuss what they are. How long have they been around and if fungible has anything to do with the item's ability to provide entertainment. References Conti, R., Schmidt, J.; What is an NFT? Non-Fungible Tokens Explained. Forbes Advisor. 15-Feb-2022. https://www.forbes.com/advisor/investing/nft-non-fungible-token/ BBC News; Elvis’s Pink Cadillac Auctioned. 13-Sep-2006. BBC News.com. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/derbyshire/5343214.stm Dash, A.; NFTs Weren’t Supposed to End Like This. The Atlantic. 02-Apr-2021. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/04/nfts-werent-supposed-end-like/618488/ Brandon, R.; $1.7 Million in NFTs Stolen in Apparent Phishing Attack on OpenSea Users. 20-Feb-2022. The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/2022/2/20/22943228/opensea-phishing-hack-smart-contract-bug-stolen-nft Support the show

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com) Look us up on social media  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/ Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscience When my wife was first pregnant with our son, we were desperate to try to figure out the sex. We discovered that people had some of the most interesting theories about what factors would influence this result in the end. Right down to how the deed was done. The reality is, in the simplest form that the male sperm decides the gender and that is produced at a 1:1 ratio. But if that's where the story ends shouldn't birth rates be 50:50 as well?  Join hosts Shanti and Danny as we discuss the idea that maybe they're not? If there is something else going on, what the actual rates are and why might this actually make sense?  References Statista. Resident Population of the United States by Sex and Age as of July 1, 2020. Statista.com. July-2021. https://www.statista.com/statistics/241488/population-of-the-us-by-sex-and-age/ Orzack, S., et. al.; The Human Sex Ratio from Conception to Birth. PNAS. 21-Apr-2015. 112:16 (E2102 - E2111). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416546112 Spears, K., et. al.; Gender, Famine, and the Female Mortality Advantage. World Peace Foundation and Tufts University. Dec-2021. https://sites.tufts.edu/wpf/files/2021/12/Genderfamine-and-mortality-2021120634.pdf Song, S.; Does Famine Influence Sex Ratio at Birth? Evidence from the 1959 - 1961 Great Leap Forward Famine in China. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London: Biological Sciences. 22-Jul-2012. 279: 1739 (2883 - 2890). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.0320 Knox, R.; Examining Environmental Factors in Sex Ratio. NPR. 18-Jul-2005. https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4758495 Support the show

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com) Look us up on social media  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/ Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscience In the immaculate words of the great Serj Tankian, “Eating, it seems, is a pass-time activity.” And he's not wrong. When I'm bored or down, eating has been a great way to get through those moments. As one might guess, that's not healthy. This is why we humans develop things like diets, eating disorders, and the unfortunate term hangry. But lately it seems like everyone is mentioning something else: intermittent fasting. Join hosts Shanti and Danny as we discuss if it’s just eating, then not eating for a long time, then eating again? What it is. How it works, or if it even does work.  References Cabo, R., et. al.; Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Health, Aging, and Disease. New England Journal of Medicine. 12-Feb-2020. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmra1905136 Gunnars, K.; 10 Evidence-Based Health Benefits of Intermittent Fasting. Healthline.com. 13-May-2021. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/10-health-benefits-of-intermittent-fasting#TOC_TITLE_HDR_10 Baik, S., et. al.; Intermittent Fasting Increases Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Brain and Behavior. 05-Dec-2019. 10:1. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1444 Longo, V., Mattson, M.; Fasting: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. Cell Metabolism. 16-Jan-2014. 19:2 (181 - 192). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2013.12.008 Antoni, R., et. al.; Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 16-Jan-2017. 76:3 (361 - 368). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665116002986 Support the show

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com) Look us up on social media  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/ Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscience Between 1961 and 1968 one man led JFK's dream to put a man on the moon. That was when James Webb retired. A year later, that mission would finally be accomplished. Though he would be far from the only person responsible for that incredible accomplishment, it would be him that NASA would honor on Dec 25th 2021. So why does James Webb matter now 52 years later, and what is Legrange Point 2? Join hosts Shanti and Danny as we discuss if this is really important or if it’s just an updated version of some patented hand gesture? References Wall, M.; The Alignment of NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope Has Begun. Space.com. 03-Feb-2022. https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-alignment-begins Howell, E.; NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope: The Ultimate Guide. Space.com. 25-Dec-2021. https://www.space.com/21925-james-webb-space-telescope-jwst.html#google_vignette Tillman, N.; What is the Eagle Nebula. Space.com. 18-Apr-2019. https://www.space.com/16396-eagle-nebula-m16-hubble-images-pillars-of-creation.html Hammel, H. Why Will it Take Six Months to See JWST’s First Science Images?. Planetary.org. 22-Dec-2021. https://www.planetary.org/articles/jwst-first-images Support the show

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com) Look us up on social media  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/ Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscience Oh she's hot but a psycho, a little bit psycho. Well, is she Ava Max? Is she a psycho? In the late 90's and early 2000's it became commonplace to refer to people as psycho or a complete psychopath. Here in the early 20's it's become more hip to refer to these same people as sociopaths. Is this just us, as humans, discovering new words or are we really surrounded by that many psychopaths and sociopaths? Join hosts Shanti and Danny as we discuss what these terms actually mean, and commiserate with Dr. Brian Wasicek our resident psychiatrist on the very idea of psychopathy, not to be confused with cyclopothy.  References American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). APA. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 Support the show

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com) Look us up on social media  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/ Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscience We talked last week about the wonders and possibilities of traveling among the stars and visiting other planets via warp drives. While discussing it, we mentioned the incredible amount of power required to make something like that a reality. So what would that kind of power look like? How can it be achieved on a scale to even make it feasible? What exactly is Fusion...besides that thing that makes Gotenks? Join hosts Shanti and Danny as they discuss the wonders of nuclear power and the possibility of fusion energy.  Encyclopedia Britannica; Atomic Bomb, Fission Device. Encyclopedia Britannica. 20-Dec-2021. https://www.britannica.com/technology/atomic-bomb Encyclopedia Britannica; Thermonuclear Bomb, Fusion Device. Encyclopedia Britannica. 22-Oct-221. https://www.britannica.com/technology/thermonuclear-bomb Irfan, U.; Fusion Energy is a Reason to Be Excited About the Future. Vox.com. 06-Jan-2022. https://www.vox.com/22801265/fusion-energy-electricity-power-climate-change-research-iter Gamillo, E.; China’s Artificial Sun Just Broke a Record for Longest Sustained Nuclear Fusion. Smithsonian Magazine. 10-Jan-2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/chinas-artificial-sun-reactor-broke-record-for-nuclear-fusion-180979336/ Clifford, C.; A National Lab Just Achieved a ‘Wright Brothers Moment’ in Nuclear Fusion. CNBC. 17-Aug-2021. https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2021/08/17/lawrence-livermore-lab-makes-significant-achievement-in-fusion.html Blain, L.; Chinese Tokamak Keeps Plasma 2.6 Times as Hot as the Sun for 17 Minutes. New Atlas. 04-Jan-2022. https://newatlas.com/energy/asipp-east-tokamak-plasma-record/ Support the show

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com) Look us up on social media  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/ Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscience When it comes to the idea of faster than light travel, as Scotty famously said, we just don’t have the power. The question is, is that all? Does anything we know of move faster than the speed of light? Is it theoretically possible? Most importantly, could a warp drive ever truly exist? Join hosts Shanti and Danny as we discuss these drives and the idea of faster than light, what it means, and if we think it could ever be achievable.  References Siegel, E.; There’s Only One Way to Beat the Speed of Light. Forbes. 12-May-2021. https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2021/05/12/theres-only-one-way-to-beat-the-speed-of-light/?sh=24c3069583af Williams, M.; Scientists Are Starting to Take Warp Drives Seriously, Especially This One Concep. ScienceAlert. 01-Mar-2020. https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-are-starting-to-take-warp-drives-seriously-especially-this-one-concept Collura, S.; Star Trek’s Warp Drive Could Really Happen Someday…. Ign. 18-Sep-2012. https://www.ign.com/articles/2012/09/18/star-treks-warp-drive-could-really-happen Ankers, A.; Scientists Take a Step Towards Building a Rea-Life Warp Drive…By Accident. Ign. 31-Dec-2021. https://www.ign.com/articles/warp-bubble-discovery-real-life-warp-drive-by-accident White, H., et. al.; Worldline Numerics Applied to Custom Casimir Geometry Generates Unanticipated Intersection with Alcubierre Warp Metric. The European Physical Journal. 31-Jul-2021. 81: 677. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09484-z Support the show

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com) Look us up on social media  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/ Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscience This week we learned something. Not just about science, not just about the research people are doing, but human nature and how good intentions don't always translate to good results. Mostly though, we came to the realization that the nut jobs we rail so hard against on this podcast, the David Ickes and Alex Joneses of the world, really aren't what should concern us. What should, are those that pursue science with the desire to do something worthwhile, to change the world for the better, and eventually realize that dream might not be in the cards. Join hosts Shanti and Danny as they discuss Dr. Sinclair and his anti-aging miracle, and how sometimes when it’s not in the cards, you stack the deck.  References Dr. Sinclair; The Sinclair Lab Blavatnik Institute - Genetics. Harvard Medical School. https://sinclair.hms.harvard.edu/people/david-sinclair Wallace, B.; An MIT Scientist Claims That This Pill is the Fountain of Youth. New York Magazine. 22-Aug-2016. https://www.thecut.com/2016/08/is-elysium-healths-basis-the-fountain-of-youth.html Duncan, D.; The Enthusiast - A Controversial Biologist at Harvard Claims He Can Extend Life Span and Treat Diseases of Aging. He May be Right. 15-Aug-2007. MIT Technology Review. https://www.technologyreview.com/2007/08/15/224308/the-enthusiast/ Fahy, G., et. al.; Reversal of Epigenetic Aging and Immunosenescent Trends in Humans. Aging Cell. 08-Sep-2019. 6:18. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13028 Support the show

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com) Look us up on social media  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/ Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscience If you've played SimCity you know that if you don't have resources readily available, your only residential area is overlooking the beach, or you put your housing next to a coal refinery the frequency with which everyone just moves out is a little too high. Worse yet, with the latter, maybe the whole place burns down. So how does city planning work, why is it a thing, and how do the nuances of it sometimes cause more issues than they solve? Join hosts Shanti and Danny as we discuss what goes into city planning and how it can affect you and those around you. References  Ahrend, R., Cho, J.; Where SimCity Gets Zoning Right and Where Not. Cogito. 28-Jul-2021. https://oecdcogito.blog/2021/07/28/where-simcity-gets-zoning-right-and-where-not/ Support the show

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com) Look us up on social media  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/ Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscience If spongebob taught us anything it's that seafaring creatures are…not intelligent at all. Fortunately, we have science and it turns out cephalopods and even decapods have a type of intelligence that we're only beginning to understand. Join hosts Shanti and Danny as we discuss the fascinating creatures we know as cephalopods and why their intelligence is or ever was really in question. References Vendetti, J.; The Cephalopoda. Berkeley. 2006. https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/taxa/inverts/mollusca/cephalopoda.php Seabrook, A.; The Story of an Octopus Named Otto. NPR. 02-Nov-2008. https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=96476905 Davis, H.; Resting and Action Potential of Squid Giant Axons Intracellularly Perfused with Sodium-Rich Solutions. PNAS. 31-Jul-1963. 50 (619 - 626). https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/50/4/619.full.pdf Birch, J., et. al.; Review of the Evidence of Sentience in Cephalopod Molluscs and Decapod Crustaceans. London School of Economics and Political Science. Nov-2021. https://www.lse.ac.uk/News/News-Assets/PDFs/2021/Sentience-in-Cephalopod-Molluscs-and-Decapod-Crustaceans-Final-Report-November-2021.pdf Support the show

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com) Look us up on social media  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/ Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscience The human body is incredibly resilient; especially with advancements such as modern medicine. We can survive and come out relatively unscathed from some pretty horrific looking issues. So why then are we so adept at permanently modifying said meat suit? Why is it that we can make changes that don't just fade into nothing? Join hosts Shanti and Danny as we discuss body modifications, the changes we humans make, and why they work. References Tadokoro, T., et. al.; Mechanisms of Skin Tanning in Different Racial/Ethnic Groups in Response to Ultraviolet Radiation. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. Jun-2005. 124:6 (1326 - 1332). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23760.x Taahashi, T., Nakamura, K.; A Study of the Photolightening Mechanism of Blond Hair with Visible and Ultraviolet Light. Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists. May-2004. 55:3 (291 - 305). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2004.00233_5.x Berry, J.; What Causes a Piercing Rejection to Occur?. Medical News Today. 11-May-2018. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321770 Kim, H., et. atl.; Autologous Fat Graft in the Reconstructed Breast: Fat Absorption Rate and Safety Based on Sonographic Identification. Archives of Plastic Surgery. 03-Nov-2014. 41:6 (740 - 747). Doi: https://doi.org/10.5999/aps.2014.41.6.740 Naga, L., Alster, T.; Laser Tattoo Removal: An Update. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 08-Oct-2016. 18 (59 - 65). Doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-016-0227-z Support the show

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com) Look us up on social media  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/ Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscience It's unclear at this point if the regular research and looking into the most recent science is the reason or if this information hit everyone at the same time, but the question for us the last couple of weeks has been how close are we to Skynet? Is Arnie himself about to walk through the door? I speak of course about the recent articles claiming self-replicating robots have been produced. Fear the scary self-replicating robots. Join hosts Shanti and Danny as we talk about what they are, what they can do, and what is even considered a robot in this day and age. References Neuman, S.; Living Robots Made in a Lab Have Found a New Way to Self-Replicate, Researchers Say. NPR. 01-Dec-2021. https://www.npr.org/2021/12/01/1060027395/robots-xenobots-living-self-replicating-copy Kriegman, S., et. al.; Kinematic Self-Replication in Reconfigurable Organisms. PNAS. 07-Dec-2021. 118:49. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2112672118 Support the show

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com) Look us up on social media  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/ Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscience In the continuation of last week's episode, we talk more rocket science and the incredible feats of Jordan Slavish's high school students.NASA Student Launch is a program designed to test High School and University rocketry students, and give them the opportunity to evaluate their understanding in real life situations. Jordan Slavish is a teacher in Oregon and our podcast’s go-to person for rocket information and expertise. Dr. Jonathan McDowell, also featured in this episode, is an astrophysicist and a fountain of knowledge on rocket launches since as early as the Apollo missions. He is here to answer the questions of the students involved in this challenge from Jordan's class. Join hosts Shanti and Danny for part 2 while we learn more about astrophysics and rocketry from Dr McDowell, Jordan, and his class.Support the show

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com) Look us up on social media  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/ Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscience NASA Student Launch is a program designed to test High School and University rocketry students, and give them the opportunity to evaluate their understanding in real life situations. Jordan Slavish is a teacher in Oregon and our podcast’s go-to person for rocket information and expertise. Dr. Jonathan McDowell, also featured in this episode, is an astrophysicist and a fountain of knowledge on rocket launches since as early as the Apollo missions. He is here to answer the questions of the students involved in this challenge from Jordan's class. Join hosts Shanti and Danny while we learn more about astrophysics and rocketry from Dr McDowell, Jordan, and his class.  Support the show

We’d love to hear from you (feedback@breakingbadscience.com) Look us up on social media  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/385282925919540 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/breakingbadsciencepodcast/ Website: http://www.breakingbadscience.com/ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/breakingbadscience 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21 - The Fibonacci sequence and Binet’s formula also known as the Golden Ratio. What are they? What would you think if we said they’re how science defines beauty? Would you be surprised to find science even tries to define beauty much less successfully? Join hosts Shanti and Danny as we define beauty in nature and how it all revolves around the Fibonacci spiral and the golden ratio. References Saini, A.; The Code of Cuteness. BBCEarth. https://www.bbcearth.com/news/the-code-for-cuteness Horowitz, K.; 6 Surprising Facts About Quokkas. Mental Floss. 16-Jun-2014. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/57159/6-things-know-about-super-cute-quokka Wu, K.; Love, Actually: The Science Behind Lust, Attraction, and Companionship. Harvard University. 14-Feb-2017. https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2017/love-actually-science-behind-lust-attraction-companionship/ Bourne, M.; The Math Behind the Beauty. Inmath. https://www.intmath.com/numbers/math-of-beauty.php Livio, M.; The Golden Ratio: The World’s Most Astonishing Number. Broadway Books. 12-Nov-2008. ISBN 0-7679-0816-3. Support the show